U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from Protein

    • Showing Current items.

    KLK15 kallikrein related peptidase 15 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 55554, updated on 3-Apr-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    KLK15provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    kallikrein related peptidase 15provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:20453
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000174562 MIM:610601; AllianceGenome:HGNC:20453
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    ACO; HSRNASPH
    Summary
    Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In prostate cancer, this gene has increased expression, which indicates its possible use as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for prostate cancer. The gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in colon (RPKM 1.2), testis (RPKM 1.0) and 5 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Location:
    19q13.33
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (50825289..50833574, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (53914924..53923210, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (51328545..51336830, complement)

    Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15001 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15002 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1869 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10980 Neighboring gene kallikrein 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372441 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10981 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15003 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10982 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:51343676-51343863 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:51347149-51347671 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:51347672-51348193 Neighboring gene KLK3 upstream enhancer/promoter region Neighboring gene kallikrein related peptidase 3 Neighboring gene KLK2 upstream enhancer/promoter region Neighboring gene origin of replication 20mer2 Neighboring gene kallikrein related peptidase 2

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Identification of six novel alternative transcripts of the human kallikrein-related peptidase 15 (KLK15), using 3'RACE and high-throughput sequencing. Adamopoulos PG, et al. Gene, 2020 Jul 30. PMID 32334022
    2. Expression profile of human tissue kallikrein 15 provides preliminary insights into its roles in the prostate and testis. Filippou PS, et al. Clin Biochem, 2018 Sep. PMID 29958881
    3. Biochemical characterization of human tissue kallikrein 15 and examination of its potential role in cancer. Filippou PS, et al. Clin Biochem, 2018 Aug. PMID 29928903
    4. Quantified KLK15 gene expression levels discriminate prostate cancer from benign tumors and constitute a novel independent predictor of disease progression. Mavridis K, et al. Prostate, 2013 Aug. PMID 23620432
    5. Kallikrein-related peptidases in prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers: from pathobiology to clinical relevance. Avgeris M, et al. Biol Chem, 2012 Apr. PMID 22505514

    See all (46) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Identification and characterization of novel KLK15 alternative splice variants and their expression patterns in a wide panel of human cancer and normal cell lines
      Title: Identification of six novel alternative transcripts of the human kallikrein-related peptidase 15 (KLK15), using 3'RACE and high-throughput sequencing.
    2. KLK15 may be able to cleave many ECM components, similar to several members of the KLK family. Thus the protease could potentially be linked to tumorigenesis by promoting metastasis via this mechanism.
      Title: Biochemical characterization of human tissue kallikrein 15 and examination of its potential role in cancer.
    3. Data provide insights into the localization and possible role of KLK15 in human physiology.
      Title: Expression profile of human tissue kallikrein 15 provides preliminary insights into its roles in the prostate and testis.
    4. Pronounced correlations between KLK10/KLK11 (rs = 0.647) and between KLK9/KLK15 (rs = 0.716) mRNA, but not between other combinations, indicate coordinate expression of distinct pairs of peptidases
      Title: Clinical relevance of kallikrein-related peptidase 9, 10, 11, and 15 mRNA expression in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
    5. Variations in KLK15, but not KLK11 expression were significantly associated with prognosis in gastric cancer
      Title: Prognostic significance of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases 11 and 15 in gastric cancer.
    6. Advanced pathologic stage was associated with significantly higher expression of KLK15 and PCA3 mRNAs.
      Title: Association of transcript levels of 10 established or candidate-biomarker gene targets with cancerous versus non-cancerous prostate tissue from radical prostatectomy specimens.
    7. KLK15 mRNA expression levels are a novel marker for the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer.
      Title: Quantified KLK15 gene expression levels discriminate prostate cancer from benign tumors and constitute a novel independent predictor of disease progression.
    8. These findings suggest a role for KLK15 genetic variation in the etiology of prostate cancer among men of European ancestry.
      Title: Association between Prostinogen (KLK15) genetic variants and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in Australia and a meta-analysis of GWAS data.
    9. association with ovarian cancer survival
      Title: A Kallikrein 15 (KLK15) single nucleotide polymorphism located close to a novel exon shows evidence of association with poor ovarian cancer survival.
    10. Multivariate analysis identified dichotomised KLK15 expression, corrected for patient parameters age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, pathological tumour stage, Gleason score and surgical margins, as an prognostic factor for poor outcome.
      Title: KLK15 is a prognostic marker for progression-free survival in patients with radical prostatectomy.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

    Phenotypes

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A possible mechanism behind autoimmune disorders discovered by genome-wide linkage and association analysis in celiac disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genetic variants at 1q32.1, 10q11.2 and 19q13.41 are associated with prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer screening in two Korean population-based cohort studies.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

    Go to the top of the page

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables serine-type endopeptidase activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables serine-type peptidase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in proteolysis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in secretory granule IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    kallikrein-15
    Names
    ACO protease
    kallikrein-like serine protease
    prostinogen

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029894.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      2950..11235
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001277081.2 → NP_001264010.1  kallikrein-15 isoform 5 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001264010.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC010325
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS62766.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q96RQ0
      Related
      ENSP00000512319.1, ENST00000695998.1
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00020
      Location:24 → 248
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
      cd00190
      Location:24 → 251
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

    2. NM_001277082.2 → NP_001264011.1  kallikrein-15 isoform 6 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001264011.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC010325
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS12806.2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M0R0D7, Q6UBM2
      Related
      ENSP00000471164.1, ENST00000596931.5
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00020
      Location:24 → 150
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
      cd00190
      Location:24 → 150
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

    3. NM_017509.4 → NP_059979.2  kallikrein-15 isoform 4 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_059979.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC010325
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS12805.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A0AUY8, Q15358, Q6ISI0, Q9H2R3, Q9H2R4, Q9H2R5, Q9H2R6, Q9HBG9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q96RQ0
      Related
      ENSP00000469315.1, ENST00000598239.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00020
      Location:25 → 249
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease

    RNA

    1. NR_102274.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) uses an alternate splice site in two internal exons, compared to variant 4. This variant is represented as non-coding because use of the expected translational start codon, as used in variant 4, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AW205420, AY373373, BC069518, BC144045
      Related
      ENST00000695963.1

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      50825289..50833574 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047439064.1 → XP_047295020.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A6B7HEB8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00190
      Location:24 → 166
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

    2. XM_011527087.3 → XP_011525389.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011525389.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A6B7HBY5
      Related
      ENSP00000512291.1, ENST00000695965.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00190
      Location:25 → 167
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

    3. XM_011527088.3 → XP_011525390.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011525390.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6UBM2
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00020
      Location:25 → 151
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
      cd00190
      Location:25 → 151
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

    4. XM_017026943.2 → XP_016882432.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M0QX22
      Related
      ENSP00000468856.1, ENST00000602114.1
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00020
      Location:25 → 120
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
      cd00190
      Location:25 → 120
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      53914924..53923210 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054321400.1 → XP_054177375.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A6B7HEB8

    2. XM_054321399.1 → XP_054177374.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A6B7HBY5

    3. XM_054321401.1 → XP_054177376.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X3

    4. XM_054321402.1 → XP_054177377.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X4

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_023006.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_023006.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

    2. NM_138563.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_138563.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the exon combination represented in this variant.

    3. NM_138564.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_138564.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the exon combination represented in this variant.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9H2R5.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9H2R5

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous