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Pth2 parathyroid hormone 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 114640, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Pth2provided by MGI
Official Full Name
parathyroid hormone 2provided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:2152297
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000038300 AllianceGenome:MGI:2152297
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
Tip39; Tifp39
Summary
This gene encodes the precursor of a peptide hormone that shares sequence similarity with the parathyroid hormone. This gene is expressed in various regions of the brain where it plays a role in the release of pituitary hormones, anxiety and nociception. The encoded precursor protein is proteolytically processed to generate the biologically active neuropeptide. Mice lacking the encoded protein display increased fear and anxiety after exposure to stressful events, and decreased sensitivity to pain. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]
Expression
Restricted expression toward testis adult (RPKM 12.4) See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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Location:
7 B3; 7 29.17 cM
Exon count:
5
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 7 NC_000073.7 (44829447..44831262)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 7 NC_000073.6 (45179701..45181838)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 7 Neighboring gene microRNA 7055 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E1733 Neighboring gene golgi-associated olfactory signaling regulator Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_18832 Neighboring gene KASH domain containing 5 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 31097 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E10438 Neighboring gene dickkopf-like 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Enhanced long-term fear memory and increased anxiety and depression-like behavior after exposure to an aversive event in mice lacking TIP39 signaling. Coutellier L, et al. Behav Brain Res, 2011 Sep 12. PMID 21382418, Free PMC Article
  2. TIP39 modulates effects of novelty-induced arousal on memory. Coutellier L, et al. Genes Brain Behav, 2011 Feb. PMID 20796031, Free PMC Article
  3. TIP39/parathyroid hormone type 2 receptor signaling is a potent inhibitor of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Panda D, et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2009 Nov. PMID 19706789, Free PMC Article
  4. Increased fear- and stress-related anxiety-like behavior in mice lacking tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues. Fegley DB, et al. Genes Brain Behav, 2008 Nov. PMID 18700839, Free PMC Article
  5. Tuberoinfundibular Peptide of 39 residues is required for germ cell development. Usdin TB, et al. Endocrinology, 2008 Sep. PMID 18483145, Free PMC Article

See all (25) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. TIP39-PTH2R system appears to be a previously unrecognized mechanism for regulation of extracellular matrix formation and wound repair.
    Title: Activation of Parathyroid Hormone 2 Receptor Induces Decorin Expression and Promotes Wound Repair.
  2. This study demonstrated that TIP39 signaling plays a role in fear incubation and suggest that may serve to ameliorate the long-term negative outcome of traumatic experience via PTH2R-expressing neurons in the Medial Nucleus of the Amygdala.
    Title: Incubation of Fear Is Regulated by TIP39 Peptide Signaling in the Medial Nucleus of the Amygdala.
  3. Data indicate that the nociceptive phenotype of TIP39-knockout {KO) mice was similar to the PTH2R-KO.
    Title: Neuropathic and inflammatory pain are modulated by tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues.
  4. TIP39/PTH2R signaling inhibits proliferation and alters differentiation of chondrocytes by modulating SOX9 expression
    Title: TIP39/parathyroid hormone type 2 receptor signaling is a potent inhibitor of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
  5. Mice with PTH2R-null mutation lacking thermoregulation.
    Title: Regulation of hypothalamic signaling by tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues is critical for the response to cold: a novel peptidergic mechanism of thermoregulation.
  6. Involvement of the TIP39/PTH2-R system in the pathways involved in the successful development of the pups.
    Title: Maternal absence of the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor affects postnatal pup development.
  7. This study demonistrated that suggested that TIP39 modulates long-term fear recall and that mice lacking TIP39 or its receptor are tools for investigating fear-related psychopathologies.
    Title: Enhanced long-term fear memory and increased anxiety and depression-like behavior after exposure to an aversive event in mice lacking TIP39 signaling.
  8. these results suggest that the TIP39/PTH2-R system modulates the effects of novelty exposure on memory performance, potentially by acting on noradrenergic signaling
    Title: TIP39 modulates effects of novelty-induced arousal on memory.
  9. Data indicate that the TIP39 ligand/PTH2 receptor system provides facilitatory regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via hypothalamic glutamatergic neurons and that it may regulate other neuroendocrine systems by a similar mechanism.
    Title: Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues modulates the mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via paraventricular glutamatergic neurons.
  10. TIP39 signaling modulates nociception, very likely by inhibiting endocannabinoid circuitry at a supraspinal level
    Title: Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) signaling modulates acute and tonic nociception.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Targeted (1)  1 citation
  • Endonuclease-mediated (1) 

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables signaling receptor binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within cAMP biosynthetic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues
Names
tuberoinfundibular 39 residue protein
tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) preprohormone

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_053256.2 → NP_444486.1  tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_444486.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC149868, AF399674
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS21233.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q91W27, Q91ZA0
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000041047.6, ENSMUST00000042754.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam14980
    Location:49 → 99
    TIP39; TIP39 peptide

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000073.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    44829447..44831262
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_030241996.2 → XP_030097856.1  tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q91W27, Q91ZA0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam14980
    Location:49 → 99
    TIP39; TIP39 peptide

  2. XM_006540565.5 → XP_006540628.1  tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006540628.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q91W27, Q91ZA0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam14980
    Location:49 → 99
    TIP39; TIP39 peptide

  3. XM_017321930.1 → XP_017177419.1  tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A1B0GR43
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000147367.2, ENSMUST00000210086.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam14980
    Location:62 → 112
    TIP39; TIP39 peptide
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q91W27.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q91W27

Gene LinkOut

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