U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination
    • Showing Current items.

    IL24 interleukin 24 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 11009, updated on 5-Mar-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    IL24provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interleukin 24provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:11346
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000162892 MIM:604136; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11346
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    C49A; FISP; MDA7; MOB5; ST16; IL10B
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the IL10 family of cytokines. It was identified as a gene induced during terminal differentiation in melanoma cells. The protein encoded by this gene can induce apoptosis selectively in various cancer cells. Overexpression of this gene leads to elevated expression of several GADD family genes, which correlates with the induction of apoptosis. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK7/P38), and heat shock 27kDa protein 1 (HSPB2/HSP27) are found to be induced by this gene in melanoma cells, but not in normal immortal melanocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in lymph node (RPKM 12.3), spleen (RPKM 9.6) and 6 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Location:
    1q32.1
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (206897443..206904139)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (206160421..206168444)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (207070788..207077484)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene interleukin 20 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372879 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:207063449-207064648 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2426 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:207078063-207079262 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1768 Neighboring gene negCOR silencer S10 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene Fc mu receptor Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2427 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2428 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2429 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2430 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2431 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2432 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2433 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2434 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:207103683-207104183 Neighboring gene polymeric immunoglobulin receptor

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

    Go to the top of the page Help
    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Hypoxia and IL-24 drive a sterile wound healing pathway. Bordon Y. Nat Rev Immunol, 2023 Jun. PMID 37165170, Free PMC Article
    2. Interleukin-24 Limits Tumor-Infiltrating T Helper 17 Cell Response in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Zhang M, et al. Viral Immunol, 2022 Apr. PMID 35099297
    3. Enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy through a combination of the armed oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 and immune checkpoint blockade in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model. Hu HJ, et al. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2021 Dec. PMID 33903973, Free PMC Article
    4. Interleukin (IL)-24: Reconfiguring the Tumor Microenvironment for Eliciting Antitumor Response. Ramesh R, et al. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2021. PMID 33559858
    5. Role of IL-24 in NK cell activation and its clinical implication in systemic lupus erythematosus. Tang Y, et al. Clin Rheumatol, 2021 Jul. PMID 33534028

    See all (182) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Hypoxia and IL-24 drive a sterile wound healing pathway.
      Title: Hypoxia and IL-24 drive a sterile wound healing pathway.
    2. Interleukin-24 Limits Tumor-Infiltrating T Helper 17 Cell Response in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
      Title: Interleukin-24 Limits Tumor-Infiltrating T Helper 17 Cell Response in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
    3. Protein kinase R is an innate immune sensor of proteotoxic stress via accumulation of cytoplasmic IL-24.
      Title: Protein kinase R is an innate immune sensor of proteotoxic stress via accumulation of cytoplasmic IL-24.
    4. IL-24 armored CAR19-T cells show enhanced antitumor activity and persistence.
      Title: IL-24 armored CAR19-T cells show enhanced antitumor activity and persistence.
    5. Extensive serum biomarker analysis in the prethrombotic state of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
      Title: Extensive serum biomarker analysis in the prethrombotic state of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
    6. IL-24 deficiency protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by repressing IL-4-induced M2 program in macrophages.
      Title: IL-24 deficiency protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by repressing IL-4-induced M2 program in macrophages.
    7. Interleukin-17A Drives IL-19 and IL-24 Expression in Skin Stromal Cells Regulating Keratinocyte Proliferation.
      Title: Interleukin-17A Drives IL-19 and IL-24 Expression in Skin Stromal Cells Regulating Keratinocyte Proliferation.
    8. Enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy through a combination of the armed oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 and immune checkpoint blockade in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model.
      Title: Enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy through a combination of the armed oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 and immune checkpoint blockade in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model.
    9. IL-24 inhibits the malignancy of human glioblastoma cells via destabilization of Zeb1.
      Title: IL-24 inhibits the malignancy of human glioblastoma cells via destabilization of Zeb1.
    10. IL-10 and Its Related Superfamily Members IL-19 and IL-24 Provide Parallel/Redundant Immune-Modulation in Loa loa Infection.
      Title: IL-10 and Its Related Superfamily Members IL-19 and IL-24 Provide Parallel/Redundant Immune-Modulation in Loa loa Infection.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (146)

    Phenotypes

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 upregulates the expression of interleukin 24 (IL24) in peptide-treated PBMCs PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Go to the top of the page

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cytokine activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to interleukin-4 IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of cell migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    interleukin-24
    Names
    IL-4-induced secreted protein
    melanocyte-associated Mda-7
    melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7 protein
    suppression of tumorigenicity 16 (melanoma differentiation)

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029565.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..11697
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001185156.1 → NP_001172085.1  interleukin-24 isoform 3 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172085.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (3) that is 1 aa longer than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY641441, BC009681, BP222545
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS53465.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7R8C2Y5
      Related
      ENSP00000375795.3, ENST00000391929.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02501
      Location:74 → 201
      IL10; Interleukin 10

    2. NM_001185157.1 → NP_001172086.1  interleukin-24 isoform 4 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172086.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4, also known as IL-24 delE5) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, and lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (4) that is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY641441, BP222545
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS53466.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q13007
      Related
      ENSP00000356060.3, ENST00000367093.3

    3. NM_001185158.1 → NP_001172087.1  interleukin-24 isoform 5

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172087.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5, also known as mda-7s) lacks two alternate coding exons, which results in a frameshift in the central and 3' coding regions, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5, also known as MDA-7S) shares the same N-terminus but has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY641441, BP222545, BP222651
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS73021.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E7ETP6
      Related
      ENSP00000484900.1, ENST00000611909.4

    4. NM_006850.3 → NP_006841.1  interleukin-24 isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006841.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY641441, BP222545, U16261
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1471.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q13007, Q2YHE5, Q53XZ7, Q5YLN8, Q96DB0, Q96KG4
      Related
      ENSP00000294984.2, ENST00000294984.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02501
      Location:73 → 200
      IL10; Interleukin 10

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      206897443..206904139
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047441763.1 → XP_047297719.1  interleukin-24 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7R8C2Y5

    2. XM_047441774.1 → XP_047297730.1  interleukin-24 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q13007, Q2YHE5, Q53XZ7, Q5YLN8, Q96DB0, Q96KG4

    3. XM_011509101.3 → XP_011507403.1  interleukin-24 isoform X3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011507403.1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02501
      Location:46 → 173
      IL10; Interleukin 10

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      206160421..206168444
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054333959.1 → XP_054189934.1  interleukin-24 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7R8C2Y5

    2. XM_054333960.1 → XP_054189935.1  interleukin-24 isoform X3

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_181339.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_181339.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is support for the transcript but not for the protein.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q13007.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q13007

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous