Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defence against viral infection. Despite the existence of at least 20 IFNs, there are only three known cell surface receptors. IFN signalling and viral evasion mechanisms form an immensely complex network that differs across species. In this Review, we begin by highlighting some of the advances that have been made towards understanding the complexity of differential IFN signalling inputs and outputs that contribute to antiviral defences. Next, we explore some of the ways viruses can interfere with, or circumvent, these defences. Lastly, we address the largely under-reviewed impact of IFN signalling on host tropism, and we offer perspectives on the future of research into IFN signalling complexity and viral evasion across species.
Publication types
-
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
-
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
-
Review
MeSH terms
-
Animals
-
Antiviral Agents
-
Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
-
Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
-
Host-Pathogen Interactions / immunology
-
Host-Pathogen Interactions / physiology
-
Humans
-
Immune Evasion / immunology*
-
Immune Evasion / physiology
-
Immunity, Innate / immunology
-
Immunity, Innate / physiology
-
Interferon Lambda
-
Interferon Type I / genetics
-
Interferon Type I / immunology*
-
Interferon Type I / physiology
-
Interferons / genetics
-
Interferons / immunology*
-
Interferons / physiology
-
Signal Transduction / immunology*
-
Signal Transduction / physiology
-
Tropism
-
Virus Diseases / immunology*
-
Viruses / immunology
Substances
-
Antiviral Agents
-
Interferon Type I
-
Interferons
-
Interferon Lambda