Purpose: To report genetic mutational analysis and in vivo histology of Meesmann corneal dystrophy.
Study design: Prospective, case control study.
Methods: Six patients from three independent families with clinically diagnosed Meesmann corneal dystrophy were enrolled in this study. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy with fluorescein vital staining, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and in vivo laser confocal microscopy (IVCM) were performed on selected patients. Mutational screening for the keratin genes KRT3 and KRT12 was performed in all six patients and selected unaffected family members.
Results: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed numerous intraepithelial microcysts in all affected individuals. AS-OCT revealed hyperreflectivity and high corneal epithelial layer thickness (mean, 64.8μm) in all individuals tested (3/3). By using IVCM, multiple epithelial microcysts and hyperreflective materials (6/6), subepithelial nerve abnormalities (6/6), tiny punctate hyperreflective material (6/6), and needle-like hyperreflective materials (4/6) were observed in the corneal stromal layer. A heterozygous genetic mutation in the KRT12 gene (c.394 C>G, p.L132V) was identified in all six patients. No pathological mutation was observed in the KRT3 gene.
Conclusion: We identified a heterozygous genetic mutation (c.394 C>G, p.L132V) in the KRT12 gene in six Japanese patients with inherited Meesmann corneal dystrophy. This is the first study to confirm this genetic mutation in Japanese Meesmann corneal dystrophy patients. This mutation has been independently reported in an American Meesmann corneal dystrophy patient, confirming its pathogenicity. AS-OCT and IVCM proved to be useful tools for observing corneal epithelial layer pathology in this dystrophy. Furthermore, IVCM reveals corneal stromal layer pathological changes not previously reported in this dystrophy.
Keywords: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography; Corneal epithelium; Genetic mutation analysis; In vivo confocal microscopy; Meesmann corneal dystrophy.