GADD34 Promotes Tumor Growth by Inducing Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells

Anticancer Res. 2016 Sep;36(9):4623-8. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.11012.

Abstract

Background: Tumor hypoxia induces the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD34). However, the role of GADD34 in tumor growth remains unclear.

Materials and methods: Gadd34 expression was knocked-down through lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in tumor cells, which were subsequently injected subcutaneously into mice. Tumor volumes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were monitored. Isolated MDSCs were incubated with tumor supernatant to investigate the impact of GADD34 on cytokine secretion of MDSCs.

Results: We observed that reduction of GADD34 expression significantly suppressed tumor, and resulted in decreased accumulation of MDSCs and T-cells, and inhibition of GADD34 reduced secretion of vascular epithelial growth factor α and transforming growth factor β by MDSCs.

Conclusion: These findings provide a promising strategy for targeting GADD34 activity in order to inhibit tumor growth.

Keywords: GADD34; Gr1+CD11b+ MDSC; Lewis lung carcinoma; TGFβ; VEGFA.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • CD11b Antigen / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / metabolism
  • Culture Media, Conditioned / chemistry
  • DNA Damage
  • Female
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Nude
  • Myeloid Cells / cytology*
  • Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells / cytology*
  • Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Protein Phosphatase 1 / metabolism*
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism

Substances

  • CD11b Antigen
  • Culture Media, Conditioned
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta
  • VEGFA protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • PPP1R15A protein, human
  • Protein Phosphatase 1