Abstract
Purpose:
To identify biological markers related to the progression and prognosis of GBC.
Methods:
The expressions of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) and activin A receptor type IC (ACVR 1C) in 46 squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas (SC/ASC) and 80 adenocarcinomas (AC) were examined using immunohistochemistry.
Results:
Positive PKM2 and negative ACVR 1C expressions were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, invasion and TNM stage of SC/ASCs and ACs. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that either elevated PKM2 or loss of ACVR 1C expression significantly correlated with shorter average survival times in both SC/ASC and AC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive PKM2 expression and loss of ACVR 1C expression were poor prognosis biomarkers in both SC/ASC and AC patients.
Conclusions:
Our study suggested that PKM2 overexpression is a marker of metastasis, invasion and poor prognosis of GBC. ACVR 1C is a tumor suppressor, and lowered ACVR 1C expression is an important marker for the metastasis, invasion, and prognosis of GBC.
MeSH terms
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Activin Receptors, Type I / metabolism
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Activin Receptors, Type I / physiology*
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Adenocarcinoma / diagnosis*
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Adenocarcinoma / metabolism
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Adenocarcinoma / mortality
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Adenocarcinoma / pathology
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Adult
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Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Biomarkers, Tumor* / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / diagnosis*
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Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / mortality
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Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / pathology
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis*
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Carrier Proteins / physiology*
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Female
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Gallbladder Neoplasms / diagnosis*
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Gallbladder Neoplasms / metabolism
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Gallbladder Neoplasms / mortality
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Gallbladder Neoplasms / pathology
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Humans
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Male
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Membrane Proteins / metabolism
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Membrane Proteins / physiology*
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Middle Aged
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Neoplasm Metastasis
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Prognosis
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Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
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Thyroid Hormones / metabolism
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Thyroid Hormones / physiology*
Substances
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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Carrier Proteins
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Membrane Proteins
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Thyroid Hormones
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ACVR1C protein, human
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Activin Receptors, Type I