PKM2 and ACVR 1C are prognostic markers for poor prognosis of gallbladder cancer

Clin Transl Oncol. 2014 Feb;16(2):200-7. doi: 10.1007/s12094-013-1063-8. Epub 2013 Jun 21.

Abstract

Purpose: To identify biological markers related to the progression and prognosis of GBC.

Methods: The expressions of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) and activin A receptor type IC (ACVR 1C) in 46 squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas (SC/ASC) and 80 adenocarcinomas (AC) were examined using immunohistochemistry.

Results: Positive PKM2 and negative ACVR 1C expressions were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, invasion and TNM stage of SC/ASCs and ACs. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that either elevated PKM2 or loss of ACVR 1C expression significantly correlated with shorter average survival times in both SC/ASC and AC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive PKM2 expression and loss of ACVR 1C expression were poor prognosis biomarkers in both SC/ASC and AC patients.

Conclusions: Our study suggested that PKM2 overexpression is a marker of metastasis, invasion and poor prognosis of GBC. ACVR 1C is a tumor suppressor, and lowered ACVR 1C expression is an important marker for the metastasis, invasion, and prognosis of GBC.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Activin Receptors, Type I / metabolism
  • Activin Receptors, Type I / physiology*
  • Adenocarcinoma / diagnosis*
  • Adenocarcinoma / metabolism
  • Adenocarcinoma / mortality
  • Adenocarcinoma / pathology
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biomarkers, Tumor* / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / diagnosis*
  • Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis*
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
  • Carrier Proteins / metabolism
  • Carrier Proteins / physiology*
  • Female
  • Gallbladder Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Gallbladder Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Gallbladder Neoplasms / mortality
  • Gallbladder Neoplasms / pathology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Membrane Proteins / physiology*
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Prognosis
  • Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
  • Thyroid Hormones / metabolism
  • Thyroid Hormones / physiology*

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Thyroid Hormones
  • ACVR1C protein, human
  • Activin Receptors, Type I