Interleukin-10 is an independent biomarker of severe traumatic brain injury prognosis

Neuroimmunomodulation. 2012;19(6):377-85. doi: 10.1159/000342141. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

Abstract

Background: Cytokines have been shown to be involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated the independent association between serum levels of IL-10 and TNF-α and hospital mortality of patients with severe TBI.

Methods: Serum IL-10 and TNF-α levels were determined after a median period (interquartile range (IQ) 25-75) of 10 h (IQ 5-18) after severe TBI in 93 consecutive patients and in randomly selected patients with mild (n = 18) and moderate (n = 16) TBI. In patients with severe TBI, additional blood samples were analyzed 30 h (IQ 22-37) and 68 h (IQ 55-78) after TBI. Age, gender, computed tomography findings, Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) and pupil reactions at admission, associated trauma and hospital mortality were collected.

Results: Elevated serum levels of IL-10, but not TNF-α, correlated significantly with GCS severity (R(2) coefficient, p < 0.0001) and were found to be associated with hospital mortality in patients with severe TBI. Elevated IL-10 remained associated with mortality (p = 0.01) in a subset of patients with isolated severe TBI (n = 74). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that higher IL-10 levels (>90 pg/ml) at 10 or 30 h after TBI were 6 times (odds ratio (OR) 6.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-25.1, p = 0.03) and 5 times (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.2-25.1, p = 0.03), respectively, more frequently associated with hospital mortality than lower levels (<50 pg/ml), independently of age, GCS as well as pupil reactions at admission and associated trauma.

Conclusions: Serum IL-10 levels may be a useful marker for severe TBI prognosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Brain Injuries / blood
  • Brain Injuries / diagnosis*
  • Brain Injuries / immunology*
  • Female
  • Glasgow Coma Scale*
  • Humans
  • Injury Severity Score*
  • Interleukin-10 / biosynthesis*
  • Interleukin-10 / blood
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Prospective Studies
  • Up-Regulation / immunology*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • IL10 protein, human
  • Interleukin-10