Glyoxalase 1 and glyoxalase 2 activities in blood and neuronal tissue samples from experimental animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

J Physiol Sci. 2012 Nov;62(6):469-78. doi: 10.1007/s12576-012-0224-9. Epub 2012 Aug 15.

Abstract

The glyoxalase enzymes catalyse the conversion of reactive glucose metabolites into non-toxic products as a part of the cellular defence system against glycation. This study investigated changes in glyoxalase 1 and glyoxalase 2 activities and the development of diabetic complications in experimental animal models of obesity (Zucker fa/fa rats) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Goto-Kakizaki rats). In contrast to Zucker rats, in Goto-Kakizaki rats the glyoxalase 1 activities in brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve tissues were significantly reduced by 10, 32 and 36 %, respectively. Lower glyoxalase 1 activity in the neuronal tissues was associated with a higher blood glucose concentration and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in aortic rings in Goto-Kakizaki rats. This study provides evidence for disturbed neuronal glyoxalase 1 activity under conditions of hyperglycaemia in the presence of impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and cognitive function.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholine / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Aorta / metabolism
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / enzymology*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism
  • Endothelium, Vascular / metabolism
  • Glucose Tolerance Test / methods
  • Insulin / blood
  • Insulin / metabolism
  • Lactoylglutathione Lyase / blood*
  • Lactoylglutathione Lyase / metabolism*
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Lipids / blood
  • Male
  • Models, Animal
  • Neurons / enzymology*
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Obesity / blood
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / enzymology*
  • Obesity / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred WKY
  • Rats, Zucker
  • Thiolester Hydrolases / blood*
  • Thiolester Hydrolases / metabolism*
  • Vasodilation

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Insulin
  • Lipids
  • Thiolester Hydrolases
  • hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase
  • Lactoylglutathione Lyase
  • Acetylcholine