MEGF10 and MEGF11 mediate homotypic interactions required for mosaic spacing of retinal neurons

Nature. 2012 Mar 11;483(7390):465-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10877.

Abstract

In many parts of the nervous system, neuronal somata display orderly spatial arrangements. In the retina, neurons of numerous individual subtypes form regular arrays called mosaics: they are less likely to be near neighbours of the same subtype than would occur by chance, resulting in 'exclusion zones' that separate them. Mosaic arrangements provide a mechanism to distribute each cell type evenly across the retina, ensuring that all parts of the visual field have access to a full set of processing elements. Remarkably, mosaics are independent of each other: although a neuron of one subtype is unlikely to be adjacent to another of the same subtype, there is no restriction on its spatial relationship to neighbouring neurons of other subtypes. This independence has led to the hypothesis that molecular cues expressed by specific subtypes pattern mosaics by mediating homotypic (within-subtype) short-range repulsive interactions. So far, however, no molecules have been identified that show such activity, so this hypothesis remains untested. Here we demonstrate in mouse that two related transmembrane proteins, MEGF10 and MEGF11, have critical roles in the formation of mosaics by two retinal interneuron subtypes, starburst amacrine cells and horizontal cells. MEGF10 and 11 and their invertebrate relatives Caenorhabditis elegans CED-1 and Drosophila Draper have hitherto been studied primarily as receptors necessary for engulfment of debris following apoptosis or axonal injury. Our results demonstrate that members of this gene family can also serve as subtype-specific ligands that pattern neuronal arrays.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amacrine Cells / cytology*
  • Amacrine Cells / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Membrane Proteins / deficiency
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mutation
  • Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / metabolism
  • Retinal Horizontal Cells / cytology*
  • Retinal Horizontal Cells / metabolism

Substances

  • Ligands
  • Megf10 protein, mouse
  • Megf11 protein, mouse
  • Membrane Proteins

Associated data

  • GEO/GSE35077