To examine the interaction between IL-1F7 gene and environmental factors in patients with ankylosing spondylities (AS). 150 AS Han Chinese patients (all human leukocyte antigen-B27 positive) were genotyped using a panel of single-nucleotide polymorphism markers within IL-1F7 gene (rs3811047) by ligase detection reactions. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer was used to determine HLA-B27 subtypes. We analyzed the interaction between IF-1F7 gene and eight environmental factors in AS patients by using a case-only study. The genetic polymorphism and environmental factors were considered as dependent variables in logistic models, and P-values, ORi and 95% confidence intervals were used for estimating the effects of interaction. The different frequency of A/G between drinking group and non-drinking group was significant (ORi 3.163, 95% CI 1.368-7.317, P=0.006). Within the cooking oil group, odds ratio for interaction of G×E between main plants fats and half plants -half animal fats subunits was 4.273 (95% CI 1.590-11.479, P=0.004). Our data show that there was no interaction between IL-1F7 alleles and the other six environmental factors in AS patients (all P>0.05). We observed that there was an interaction between IF-1F7 gene and drinking in AS patients. Thus, drinking may be a risk exposure factor to take combined action with predisposing genes in AS patients. This action may increase the incident risk of AS. Also, main plants fats may be protective factors to AS.