Zn2+ binding to human calbindin D(28k) and the role of histidine residues

Protein Sci. 2008 Apr;17(4):760-7. doi: 10.1110/ps.073381108.

Abstract

We have studied the binding of Zn2+ to the hexa EF-hand protein, calbindin D(28k)-a strong Ca2+-binder involved in apoptosis regulation-which is highly expressed in brain tissue. By use of radioblots, isothermal titration calorimetry, and competition with a fluorescent Zn2+ chelator, we find that calbindin D(28k) binds Zn2+ to three rather strong sites with dissociation constants in the low micromolar range. Furthermore, we conclude based on spectroscopic investigations that the Zn2+-bound state is structurally distinct from the Ca2+-bound state and that the two forms are incompatible, yielding negative allosteric interaction between the zinc- and calcium-binding events. ANS titrations reveal a change in hydrophobicity upon binding Zn2+. The binding of Zn2+ is compatible with the ability of calbindin to activate myo-inositol monophosphatase, one of the known targets of calbindin. Through site-directed mutagenesis, we address the role of cysteine and histidine residues in the binding of Zn2+. Mutation of all five cysteines into serines has no effect on Zn2+-binding affinity or stoichiometry. However, mutating histidine 80 into a glutamine reduces the binding affinity of the strongest Zn2+ site, indicating that this residue is involved in coordinating the Zn2+ ion in this site. Mutating histidines 5, 22, or 114 has significantly smaller effects on Zn2+-binding affinity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 5'-Nucleotidase / metabolism
  • Acetates / chemistry
  • Allosteric Regulation
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Calbindins
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Calorimetry
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Cysteine / chemistry
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Histidine / chemistry*
  • Humans
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / genetics
  • S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / metabolism*
  • Xanthenes / chemistry
  • Zinc / metabolism*

Substances

  • Acetates
  • Calbindins
  • FluoZin-1
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • S100 Calcium Binding Protein G
  • Xanthenes
  • Histidine
  • 5'-Nucleotidase
  • Zinc
  • Cysteine
  • Calcium