Recruitment of activated IRF-3 and CBP/p300 to herpes simplex virus ICP0 nuclear foci: Potential role in blocking IFN-beta induction

Virology. 2007 Apr 10;360(2):305-21. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.028. Epub 2006 Nov 28.

Abstract

The host innate response to viral infection includes the production of interferons, which is dependent on the coordinated activity of multiple transcription factors. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has been shown to block efficient interferon expression by multiple mechanisms. We and others have demonstrated that HSV-1 can inhibit the transcription of genes promoted by interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), including interferon beta (IFN-beta), and that the immediate-early ICP0 protein is sufficient for this function. However, the exact mechanism by which ICP0 blocks IRF-3 activity has yet to be determined. Unlike some other viral proteins that inhibit IRF-3 activity, ICP0 does not appear to affect phosphorylation and dimerization of IRF-3. Here, we show that a portion of activated IRF-3 co-localizes with nuclear foci containing ICP0 at early times after virus infection. Co-localization to ICP0-containing foci is also seen with the IRF-3-binding partners and transcriptional co-activators, CBP and p300. In addition, using immunoprecipitation of infected cell lysates, we can immunoprecipitate a complex containing ICP0, IRF-3, and CBP. Thus we hypothesize that ICP0 recruits activated IRF-3 and CBP/p300 to nuclear structures, away from the host chromatin. This leads to the inactivation and accelerated degradation of IRF-3, resulting in reduced transcription of IFN-beta and an inhibition of the host response. Therefore, ICP0 provides an example of how viruses can block IFN-beta induction by sequestration of important transcription factors essential for the host response.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism*
  • Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Human / immunology*
  • Herpesvirus 1, Human / physiology
  • Humans
  • Immediate-Early Proteins / chemistry
  • Immediate-Early Proteins / metabolism*
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / metabolism*
  • Interferon-beta / biosynthesis*
  • Leupeptins / pharmacology
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / chemistry
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / metabolism*
  • p300-CBP Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
  • Immediate-Early Proteins
  • Interferon Regulatory Factor-3
  • Leupeptins
  • Interferon-beta
  • p300-CBP Transcription Factors
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
  • Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1
  • benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde