Abstract
In this study, we address the question of the cross-talk between two chemokines that are cosecreted during inflammation, namely monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and soluble fractalkine (s-FKN), toward monocyte migration. We found that s-FKN fails to induce MonoMac6 cell migration per se. Interestingly, this chemokine antagonizes transendothelial migration and chemotaxis of MonoMac6 cells and freshly isolated human monocytes induced by MCP-1, indicating a direct effect of s-FKN on monocytic cells. In this study, we found that stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and SAPK2/p38 are involved in the control of MCP-1-induced MonoMac6 cell migration. We demonstrated that s-FKN abrogates the MCP-1-induced SAPK2/p38 activation as well as the upstream Pyk2 activity. Furthermore, we observed that s-FKN also inhibits the activity of a major matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), namely MMP-2. Taken collectively, our results indicate that the s-FKN antagonizes the chemoattractant effect of MCP-1 on monocytes, likely by inhibiting crucial signaling pathways, like SAPK2/p38 and MMP-2 activities.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Cell Line
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Migration Inhibition*
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Cell Separation
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Chemokine CCL2 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Chemokine CCL2 / physiology*
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Chemokine CX3CL1
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Chemokines, CX3C / physiology*
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Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / immunology*
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Endothelium, Vascular / cytology
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Endothelium, Vascular / immunology
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Enzyme Activation / immunology
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Enzyme Induction / immunology
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Focal Adhesion Kinase 2
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Humans
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / biosynthesis
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / physiology
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors*
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Membrane Proteins / physiology*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / biosynthesis
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / physiology
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Monocytes / cytology
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Monocytes / enzymology*
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Monocytes / immunology
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / biosynthesis
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
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Solubility
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Substances
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CX3CL1 protein, human
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Chemokine CCL2
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Chemokine CX3CL1
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Chemokines, CX3C
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
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Membrane Proteins
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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Focal Adhesion Kinase 2
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2