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Bone Malalignment

MedGen UID:
60102
•Concept ID:
C0206231
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Bone Malalignments; Bone Malposition; Bone Malpositions; Bone Misalignment; Bone Misalignments; Malalignment, Bone; Malposition, Bone; Misalignment, Bone

Definition

Displacement of bones out of line in relation to joints. It may be congenital or traumatic in origin. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBone Malalignment

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Surgical treatment of complex meniscus tear and disease: state of the art.
Ozeki N, Seil R, Krych AJ, Koga H
J ISAKOS 2021 Jan;6(1):35-45. Epub 2020 Sep 17 doi: 10.1136/jisakos-2019-000380. PMID: 33833044
Management of Pediatric Femoral Neck Fracture.
Patterson JT, Tangtiphaiboontana J, Pandya NK
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2018 Jun 15;26(12):411-419. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00362. PMID: 29781820
Spinal Neuroarthropathy: Pathophysiology, Clinical and Imaging Features, and Differential Diagnosis.
Ledbetter LN, Salzman KL, Sanders RK, Shah LM
Radiographics 2016 May-Jun;36(3):783-99. Epub 2016 Apr 8 doi: 10.1148/rg.2016150121. PMID: 27058729

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Coronal Alignment in Adult Spine Surgery.
Sharfman ZT, Clark AJ, Gupta MC, Theologis AA
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024 May 15;32(10):417-426. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00961. PMID: 38354413
Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee.
Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M
Int Orthop 2014 Feb;38(2):273-83. Epub 2013 Dec 24 doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2227-4. PMID: 24366186Free PMC Article
Supramalleolar osteotomy.
Rush SM
Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2009 Apr;26(2):245-57. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2008.12.008. PMID: 19389597
Malalignment and degenerative arthropathy.
Tetsworth K, Paley D
Orthop Clin North Am 1994 Jul;25(3):367-77. PMID: 8028880

Diagnosis

Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Late Treatment of Syndesmotic Injuries.
Swords MP, Sands A, Shank JR
Foot Ankle Clin 2017 Mar;22(1):65-75. Epub 2016 Dec 21 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2016.09.005. PMID: 28167065
Malalignment Syndrome in Runners.
Schamberger W
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2016 Feb;27(1):237-317. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.08.005. PMID: 26616186
Spondylopelvic dissociation.
Sullivan MP, Smith HE, Schuster JM, Donegan D, Mehta S, Ahn J
Orthop Clin North Am 2014 Jan;45(1):65-75. Epub 2013 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2013.08.002. PMID: 24267208
The Chitranjan Ranawat award: is neutral mechanical alignment normal for all patients? The concept of constitutional varus.
Bellemans J, Colyn W, Vandenneucker H, Victor J
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012 Jan;470(1):45-53. doi: 10.1007/s11999-011-1936-5. PMID: 21656315Free PMC Article

Therapy

Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Two-Stage Varus Correction.
Steginsky B, Haddad SL
Foot Ankle Clin 2019 Jun;24(2):281-304. Epub 2019 Apr 6 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2019.02.012. PMID: 31036269
Malalignment in plate osteosynthesis.
Anneberg M, Brink O
Injury 2018 Jun;49 Suppl 1:S66-S71. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(18)30307-3. PMID: 29929697
Percutaneous Pediatric Foot and Ankle Surgery.
Uglow MG
Foot Ankle Clin 2016 Sep;21(3):577-94. Epub 2016 Jun 29 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2016.04.005. PMID: 27524707
Spondylopelvic dissociation.
Sullivan MP, Smith HE, Schuster JM, Donegan D, Mehta S, Ahn J
Orthop Clin North Am 2014 Jan;45(1):65-75. Epub 2013 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2013.08.002. PMID: 24267208

Prognosis

Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Biomechanical considerations in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the elbow.
Heijink A, Vanhees M, van den Ende K, van den Bekerom MP, van Riet RP, Van Dijk CN, Eygendaal D
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016 Jul;24(7):2313-8. Epub 2015 Feb 13 doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3518-7. PMID: 25677500Free PMC Article
Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee.
Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M
Int Orthop 2014 Feb;38(2):273-83. Epub 2013 Dec 24 doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2227-4. PMID: 24366186Free PMC Article
The Chitranjan Ranawat award: is neutral mechanical alignment normal for all patients? The concept of constitutional varus.
Bellemans J, Colyn W, Vandenneucker H, Victor J
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012 Jan;470(1):45-53. doi: 10.1007/s11999-011-1936-5. PMID: 21656315Free PMC Article
Malalignment and degenerative arthropathy.
Tetsworth K, Paley D
Orthop Clin North Am 1994 Jul;25(3):367-77. PMID: 8028880

Clinical prediction guides

Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.
MacDessi SJ, Griffiths-Jones W, Harris IA, Bellemans J, Chen DB
Bone Joint J 2021 Feb;103-B(2):329-337. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1. PMID: 33517740Free PMC Article
Improved Methods to Measure Outcomes After High Tibial Osteotomy.
Lorbergs AL, Birmingham TB, Primeau CA, Atkinson HF, Marriott KA, Giffin JR
Clin Sports Med 2019 Jul;38(3):317-329. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2019.02.001. PMID: 31079765
Malalignment in plate osteosynthesis.
Anneberg M, Brink O
Injury 2018 Jun;49 Suppl 1:S66-S71. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(18)30307-3. PMID: 29929697
Total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee.
Rossi R, Rosso F, Cottino U, Dettoni F, Bonasia DE, Bruzzone M
Int Orthop 2014 Feb;38(2):273-83. Epub 2013 Dec 24 doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2227-4. PMID: 24366186Free PMC Article
Torsional and angular deformities.
Bruce RW Jr
Pediatr Clin North Am 1996 Aug;43(4):867-81. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70439-9. PMID: 8692584

Recent systematic reviews

Favourable alignment outcomes with MRI-based patient-specific instruments in total knee arthroplasty.
Schotanus MGM, Thijs E, Heijmans M, Vos R, Kort NP
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018 Sep;26(9):2659-2668. Epub 2017 Jul 11 doi: 10.1007/s00167-017-4637-0. PMID: 28698929
Malalignment and malposition of quadriceps-sparing approach in primary total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yuan FZ, Wang SJ, Zhou ZX, Yu JK, Jiang D
J Orthop Surg Res 2017 Sep 6;12(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s13018-017-0627-7. PMID: 28874195Free PMC Article
Kinematic alignment is a possible alternative to mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty.
Lee YS, Howell SM, Won YY, Lee OS, Lee SH, Vahedi H, Teo SH
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017 Nov;25(11):3467-3479. Epub 2017 Apr 24 doi: 10.1007/s00167-017-4558-y. PMID: 28439636
Meta-analysis of navigation vs conventional total knee arthroplasty.
Hetaimish BM, Khan MM, Simunovic N, Al-Harbi HH, Bhandari M, Zalzal PK
J Arthroplasty 2012 Jun;27(6):1177-82. Epub 2012 Feb 13 doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2011.12.028. PMID: 22333865
Alignment outcomes in navigated total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis.
Fu Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Fu Q
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012 Jun;20(6):1075-82. Epub 2011 Oct 15 doi: 10.1007/s00167-011-1695-6. PMID: 22002300

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