U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

PANK2 pantothenate kinase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 80025, updated on 23-Mar-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
PANK2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
pantothenate kinase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:15894
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000125779 MIM:606157; AllianceGenome:HGNC:15894
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
HSS; HARP; PKAN; NBIA1; C20orf48
Summary
This gene encodes a protein belonging to the pantothenate kinase family and is the only member of that family to be expressed in mitochondria. Pantothenate kinase is a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in bacteria and mammalian cells. It catalyzes the first committed step in the universal biosynthetic pathway leading to CoA and is itself subject to regulation through feedback inhibition by acyl CoA species. Mutations in this gene are associated with HARP syndrome and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), formerly Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. Alternative splicing, involving the use of alternate first exons, results in multiple transcripts encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 4.5), brain (RPKM 4.1) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
Location:
20p13
Exon count:
10
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 20 NC_000020.11 (3888781..3929887)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 20 NC_060944.1 (3919717..3960811)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 20 NC_000020.10 (3869428..3910534)

Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3800994-3801697 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3811623-3812123 Neighboring gene adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit sigma 1 Neighboring gene NFE2L2 motif-containing MPRA enhancer 155/156 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17487 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12632 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12633 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3831491-3831992 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3838319-3838818 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3846659-3847160 Neighboring gene mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3869109-3869660 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12634 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12635 Neighboring gene PANK2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 6416 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17488 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3886163-3886663 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17489 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_60114 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_60118 Neighboring gene microRNA 103a-2 Neighboring gene microRNA 103b-2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17490 Neighboring gene ring finger protein 24 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3996195-3997127 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3997331-3997932 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:4014121-4014765 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17491 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:4026722-4027222 Neighboring gene ferritin light chain pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:4027223-4027723 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Clinical, imaging and genetic profile of twenty-four patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)- A single centre study from India. Sriram N, et al. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2023 Jun. PMID 37121191
  2. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation corrects pathological alterations in cellular models of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration with residual PANK2 expression levels. Talaverón-Rey M, et al. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2023 Apr 12. PMID 37046296, Free PMC Article
  3. Genetic mutation spectrum of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration expanded by breakpoint sequencing in pantothenate kinase 2 gene. Yang D, et al. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2022 Mar 4. PMID 35246191, Free PMC Article
  4. A Potential Citrate Shunt in Erythrocytes of PKAN Patients Caused by Mutations in Pantothenate Kinase 2. Werning M, et al. Biomolecules, 2022 Feb 18. PMID 35204826, Free PMC Article
  5. PANK2 p.A170fs：a novel pathogenetic mutation, compound with PANK2 p.R440P, causing pantothenate kinase Associated neurodegeneration in a Chinese family. Yang F, et al. Int J Neurosci, 2022 Jun. PMID 33043782

See all (94) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The first Vietnamese patient who presented late onset of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration diagnosed by whole exome sequencing: A case report.
    Title: The first Vietnamese patient who presented late onset of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration diagnosed by whole exome sequencing: A case report.
  2. Clinical, imaging and genetic profile of twenty-four patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)- A single centre study from India.
    Title: Clinical, imaging and genetic profile of twenty-four patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)- A single centre study from India.
  3. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation corrects pathological alterations in cellular models of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration with residual PANK2 expression levels.
    Title: Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation corrects pathological alterations in cellular models of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration with residual PANK2 expression levels.
  4. PANK2 p.A170fsa novel pathogenetic mutation, compound with PANK2 p.R440P, causing pantothenate kinase Associated neurodegeneration in a Chinese family.
    Title: PANK2 p.A170fs：a novel pathogenetic mutation, compound with PANK2 p.R440P, causing pantothenate kinase Associated neurodegeneration in a Chinese family.
  5. Genetic mutation spectrum of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration expanded by breakpoint sequencing in pantothenate kinase 2 gene.
    Title: Genetic mutation spectrum of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration expanded by breakpoint sequencing in pantothenate kinase 2 gene.
  6. A Potential Citrate Shunt in Erythrocytes of PKAN Patients Caused by Mutations in Pantothenate Kinase 2.
    Title: A Potential Citrate Shunt in Erythrocytes of PKAN Patients Caused by Mutations in Pantothenate Kinase 2.
  7. PKAN neurodegeneration and residual PANK2 activities in patient erythrocytes.
    Title: PKAN neurodegeneration and residual PANK2 activities in patient erythrocytes.
  8. Overexpression of Human Mutant PANK2 Proteins Affects Development and Motor Behavior of Zebrafish Embryos.
    Title: Overexpression of Human Mutant PANK2 Proteins Affects Development and Motor Behavior of Zebrafish Embryos.
  9. A novel PANK2 mutation was identified in South East Asian population in Thailand with pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration.
    Title: Novel PANK2 mutation discovered among South East Asian children living in Thailand affected with pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration.
  10. Study identified c.1069C > T missense variation (rs753376100) in exon 3 of PANK2 gene associated with Pantothenate kinase-associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) that had segregated in the family in an autosomal recessive mode. The clinical phenotype was found to be concordant with classic PKAN in terms of the age of onset, symptoms and radiological findings. The variant amino acid was mapped within the catalytic site.
    Title: A variation in PANK2 gene is causing Pantothenate kinase-associated Neurodegeneration in a family from Jammu and Kashmir - India.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (62)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ17232, MGC15053

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables pantothenate kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables pantothenate kinase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables pantothenate kinase activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables pantothenate kinase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in aerobic respiration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in angiogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in coenzyme A biosynthetic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in coenzyme A biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in coenzyme A biosynthetic process NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in coenzyme A biosynthetic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in mitochondrion organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in pantothenate metabolic process NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in phosphorylation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of bile acid metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of fatty acid metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of triglyceride metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in spermatid development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytosol IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in mitochondrial intermembrane space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in mitochondrial intermembrane space TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in mitochondrion NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial
Names
Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome
pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
pantothenic acid kinase 2
NP_001311120.1
NP_001311121.1
NP_001311122.1
NP_001373322.1
NP_079236.3
NP_705902.2
NP_705904.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_008131.3 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5085..46049
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_1016

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001324191.2 → NP_001311120.1  pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL031670, AL353194, BX118574
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13072.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9BZ23
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03630
    Location:1 → 271
    Fumble

  2. NM_001324192.1 → NP_001311121.1  pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL353194, BF223391

  3. NM_001324193.2 → NP_001311122.1  pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform 6

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL031670, AL532307, BC107724, BX118574
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    V9GYH1
    Related
    ENSP00000476745.1, ENST00000495692.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl17037
    Location:1 → 126
    NBD_sugar-kinase_HSP70_actin; Nucleotide-Binding Domain of the sugar kinase/HSP70/actin superfamily

  4. NM_001386393.1 → NP_001373322.1  pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform 7 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (11) uses a downstream transcription start site and a downstream non-AUG translation start site, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (7) is also mitochondrially localized but has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL031670, AL353194
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS93004.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A2R8YF29
    Related
    ENSP00000477429.2, ENST00000610179.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03630
    Location:104 → 452
    Fumble

  5. NM_024960.6 → NP_079236.3  pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_079236.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has an alternate first exon, and uses a downstream translation initiation site, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 2) lacks an N-terminal segment compared to isoform 1, resulting in a shorter protein that shares identity through the C-terminus. Isoform 2 is not expressed in mitochondria. Variants 2, 3 and 7 encode isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK021791, AL031670, AL353194, BX118574
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13072.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9BZ23
    Related
    ENSP00000417609.1, ENST00000497424.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03630
    Location:1 → 271
    Fumble

  6. NM_153638.4 → NP_705902.2  pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_705902.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest mitochondrially localized isoform (1). It uses upstream transcription and translation start sites, compared to variant 11.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL031670, AL353194
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13071.2
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B1AK33, B2Z3X0, D3DVZ0, Q5T7I2, Q5T7I4, Q7RTX5, Q8N7Q4, Q8TCR5, Q9BYW5, Q9BZ23, Q9HAF2
    Related
    ENSP00000313377.4, ENST00000316562.9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03630
    Location:214 → 562
    Fumble; Fumble

  7. NM_153640.4 → NP_705904.1  pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_705904.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) has an alternate first exon, and uses a downstream translation initiation site, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 2) lacks an N-terminal segment compared to isoform 1, resulting in a shorter protein that shares identity through the C-terminus. Isoform 2 is not expressed in mitochondria. Variants 2, 3 and 7 encode isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL031670, AL532307, BC065019, BC107724, BX118574
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13072.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9BZ23
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6P1K9
    Related
    ENSP00000481523.1, ENST00000621507.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03630
    Location:1 → 271
    Fumble

RNA

  1. NR_136715.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL031670, AL353194, BC009421, BX118574

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000020.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    3888781..3929887
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060944.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    3919717..3960811
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_153637.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_153637.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is support for the transcript but not for the protein.

  2. NM_153639.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_153639.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

  3. NM_153641.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_153641.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is support for the transcript but not for the protein.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9BZ23.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9BZ23

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Medical
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous