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MMUT methylmalonyl-CoA mutase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 4594, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
MMUTprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
methylmalonyl-CoA mutaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:7526
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000146085 MIM:609058; AllianceGenome:HGNC:7526
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MCM; MUT
Summary
This gene encodes the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase. In humans, the product of this gene is a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme which catalyzes the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, while in other species this enzyme may have different functions. Mutations in this gene may lead to various types of methylmalonic aciduria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in liver (RPKM 48.6), kidney (RPKM 23.2) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See MMUT in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
6p12.3
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 6 NC_000006.12 (49430360..49463253, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 6 NC_060930.1 (49272390..49305330, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 6 NC_000006.11 (49398073..49430966, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene RNA, U7 small nuclear 65 pseudogene Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 42 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:49354927-49355469 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:49430149-49431049 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:49431050-49431949 Neighboring gene centromere protein Q Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:49450846-49451350 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:49451351-49451854 Neighboring gene glycine-N-acyltransferase like 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 17276

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Different mutations in the MMUT gene are associated with the effect of vitamin B12 in a cohort of 266 Chinese patients with mut-type methylmalonic acidemia: A retrospective study. Yu Y, et al. Mol Genet Genomic Med, 2021 Nov. PMID 34668645, Free PMC Article
  2. A rare mutation c.1663G > A (p.A555T) in the MMUT gene associated with mild clinical and biochemical phenotypes of methylmalonic acidemia in 30 Chinese patients. Liang L, et al. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2021 Jan 7. PMID 33413471, Free PMC Article
  3. Delineating the clinical spectrum of isolated methylmalonic acidurias: cblA and mut. Hörster F, et al. J Inherit Metab Dis, 2021 Jan. PMID 32754920
  4. Proteomics Reveals that Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase Modulates Cell Architecture and Increases Susceptibility to Stress. Costanzo M, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Jul 15. PMID 32679819, Free PMC Article
  5. Naturally occurring cobalamin (B(12)) analogs can function as cofactors for human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Sokolovskaya OM, et al. Biochimie, 2021 Apr. PMID 32659443, Free PMC Article

See all (108) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Different mutations in the MMUT gene are associated with the effect of vitamin B12 in a cohort of 266 Chinese patients with mut-type methylmalonic acidemia: A retrospective study.
    Title: Different mutations in the MMUT gene are associated with the effect of vitamin B12 in a cohort of 266 Chinese patients with mut-type methylmalonic acidemia: A retrospective study.
  2. Delineating the clinical spectrum of isolated methylmalonic acidurias: cblA and mut.
    Title: Delineating the clinical spectrum of isolated methylmalonic acidurias: cblA and mut.
  3. A novel small molecule approach for the treatment of propionic and methylmalonic acidemias.
    Title: A novel small molecule approach for the treatment of propionic and methylmalonic acidemias.
  4. A rare mutation c.1663G > A (p.A555T) in the MMUT gene associated with mild clinical and biochemical phenotypes of methylmalonic acidemia in 30 Chinese patients.
    Title: A rare mutation c.1663G > A (p.A555T) in the MMUT gene associated with mild clinical and biochemical phenotypes of methylmalonic acidemia in 30 Chinese patients.
  5. Naturally occurring cobalamin (B12) analogs can function as cofactors for human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.
    Title: Naturally occurring cobalamin (B(12)) analogs can function as cofactors for human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.
  6. Proteomics Reveals that Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase Modulates Cell Architecture and Increases Susceptibility to Stress.
    Title: Proteomics Reveals that Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase Modulates Cell Architecture and Increases Susceptibility to Stress.
  7. Our study identified a novel, deleterious, heterozygous missense mutation in MUT gene in a couple and helps to consider the genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis more seriously for this family with clinical phenotypes of organic acidemia.
    Title: Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis in an Iranian family with a novel mutation in MUT gene.
  8. These data demonstrate durable functional benefit of hMUT mRNA and support development of this new class of therapy for a devastating, pediatric disorder.
    Title: Long-term efficacy and safety of mRNA therapy in two murine models of methylmalonic acidemia.
  9. Fine-scale haplotype mapping of MUT, AACS, SLC6A15 and PRKCA genes indicates association with insulin resistance of metabolic syndrome and relationship with branched chain amino acid metabolism or regulation.
    Title: Fine-scale haplotype mapping of MUT, AACS, SLC6A15 and PRKCA genes indicates association with insulin resistance of metabolic syndrome and relationship with branched chain amino acid metabolism or regulation.
  10. The gene therapy method has been described for restoring the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity in vitro in fibroblasts from methylmalonic aciduria patients.
    Title: TAT-MTS-MCM fusion proteins reduce MMA levels and improve mitochondrial activity and liver function in MCM-deficient cells.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (45)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Common genetic loci influencing plasma homocysteine concentrations and their effect on risk of coronary artery disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide significant predictors of metabolites in the one-carbon metabolism pathway.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables GTPase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables cobalamin binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables cobalamin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables modified amino acid binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in homocysteine metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of GTPase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in post-embryonic development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in succinyl-CoA biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in mitochondrial matrix IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in mitochondrial matrix TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial
Names
methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase
methylmalonyl-CoA isomerase
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase c.*192delA
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase c.*51C>G
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase variant c.1495G>A
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase variant c.2011A>G
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase variant c.2150G>T
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase variant c.322C>T
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase variant c.613_615delGAA
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase variant c.636G>A
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase variant c.643G>A
mutant methylmalonyl CoA mutase
NP_000246.2
XP_005249200.1
XP_054211495.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_007100.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    4887..37780
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000255.4 → NP_000246.2  methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000246.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK292568, AK312611, AL590668
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS4924.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K953, P22033, Q5SYZ3, Q96B11, Q9UD64
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RD82, A0A2S1PH09, A0A2S1PH16, A0A2S1PH20, A0A2S1PH23, A0A2S1PH31, A0A2S1PH34
    Related
    ENSP00000274813.3, ENST00000274813.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PRK09426
    Location:41 → 744
    PRK09426; methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; Reviewed

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000006.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    49430360..49463253 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005249143.4 → XP_005249200.1  methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005249200.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K953, P22033, Q5SYZ3, Q96B11, Q9UD64
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RD82, A0A2S1PH09, A0A2S1PH16, A0A2S1PH20, A0A2S1PH23, A0A2S1PH31, A0A2S1PH34
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PRK09426
    Location:41 → 744
    PRK09426; methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; Reviewed

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060930.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    49272390..49305330 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054355520.1 → XP_054211495.1  methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K953, P22033, Q5SYZ3, Q96B11, Q9UD64
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RD82
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P22033.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P22033

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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