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ASGR2 asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 433, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
ASGR2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
asialoglycoprotein receptor 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:743
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000161944 MIM:108361; AllianceGenome:HGNC:743
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
HL-2; HBXBP; ASGPR2; ASGP-R2; CLEC4H2
Summary
This gene encodes a subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. This receptor is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in serum glycoprotein homeostasis by mediating the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins with exposed terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The asialoglycoprotein receptor may facilitate hepatic infection by multiple viruses including hepatitis B, and is also a target for liver-specific drug delivery. The asialoglycoprotein receptor is a hetero-oligomeric protein composed of major and minor subunits, which are encoded by different genes. The protein encoded by this gene is the less abundant minor subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]
Expression
Biased expression in liver (RPKM 120.6) and gall bladder (RPKM 6.7) See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
17p13.1
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (7101322..7115146, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (7001999..7016068, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (7004641..7018141, complement)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903909 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8084 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8085 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11597 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11598 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11599 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 16 member 11 Neighboring gene C-type lectin domain containing 10A Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11600 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11601 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:7015987-7016487 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:7018293-7019079 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8086 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:7034277-7034814 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371512 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11602 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 64

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Pattern-Specific Transcriptomics Identifies ASGR2 as a Predictor of Hematogenous Recurrence of Gastric Cancer. Tanaka H, et al. Mol Cancer Res, 2018 Sep. PMID 29784667
  2. A secreted form of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, sH2a, as a novel potential noninvasive marker for liver fibrosis. Veselkin E, et al. PLoS One, 2011. PMID 22096539, Free PMC Article
  3. H2, the minor subunit of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor, trafficks intracellularly and forms homo-oligomers, but does not bind asialo-orosomucoid. Saxena A, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002 Sep 20. PMID 12089159
  4. The secretory pathway is normal in dithiothreitol-treated cells, but disulfide-bonded proteins are reduced and reversibly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Lodish HF, et al. J Biol Chem, 1993 Sep 25. PMID 8397210
  5. Sequence of a second human asialoglycoprotein receptor: conservation of two receptor genes during evolution. Spiess M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1985 Oct. PMID 3863106, Free PMC Article

See all (51) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Although gastric cancer cell-invasive activity was significantly decreased by knockdown, forced expression of ASGR2 promoted invasive activity.
    Title: Pattern-Specific Transcriptomics Identifies ASGR2 as a Predictor of Hematogenous Recurrence of Gastric Cancer.
  2. PEGylated lipoplexes were well tolerated by both HEK293 (ASGP-R-negative) and HepG2 (ASGP-R-positive) cell lines and delivered DNA to the hepatoma cell line HepG2 by ASGP-R mediation at levels three-fold greater than nonPEGylated lipoplexes.
    Title: PEGylation potentiates hepatoma cell targeted liposome-mediated in vitro gene delivery via the asialoglycoprotein receptor.
  3. findings show that the hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF2 protein interacts directly with the ectodomain of both ASGR1 and ASGR2; ASGPR is involved in and facilitates HEV infection by binding to ORF2
    Title: Asialoglycoprotein receptor facilitates infection of PLC/PRF/5 cells by HEV through interaction with ORF2.
  4. the distribution of ASGR in human testis, was investigated.
    Title: Expression pattern of asialoglycoprotein receptor in human testis.
  5. sH2a has the potential to be a uniquely sensitive and specific novel marker for liver fibrosis and function.
    Title: A secreted form of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, sH2a, as a novel potential noninvasive marker for liver fibrosis.
  6. found that the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is involved in hepatocyte recognition of cells predestined for killing, including activated autologous T lymphocytes
    Title: Hepatocyte cytotoxicity is facilitated by asialoglycoprotein receptor.
  7. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine.
  8. Exposure of beta-galactose results in the rapid clearance of platelets from the circulation by asialoglycoprotein receptor-expressing liver macrophages and hepatocytes.
    Title: Role of sialic acid for platelet life span: exposure of beta-galactose results in the rapid clearance of platelets from the circulation by asialoglycoprotein receptor-expressing liver macrophages and hepatocytes.
  9. primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells have a functional ASGPR, consisting of the H1 and H2 subunits, that is capable of specific ligand binding and uptake
    Title: Expression of a functional asialoglycoprotein receptor in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.
  10. The minor subunit splice variants, H2b and H2c, of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor are present with the major subunit H1 in different hetero-oligomeric receptor complexes
    Title: The minor subunit splice variants, H2b and H2c, of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor are present with the major subunit H1 in different hetero-oligomeric receptor complexes.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ60040

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables asialoglycoprotein receptor activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables fucose binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables mannose binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in endocytosis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in external side of plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
asialoglycoprotein receptor 2
Names
C-type lectin domain family 4 member H2
HBxAg-binding protein
hepatic lectin H2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029064.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5324..18820
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001181.4 → NP_001172.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1), also known as H2a, differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant H2'. Variants H2' and 1 encode the same isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC120057, BX483468, M11025
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32544.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:177 → 302
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:29 → 167
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  2. NM_001201352.2 → NP_001188281.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform d

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001188281.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4), also known as H2b, differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate splice site in the 5' coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant H2'. The encoded isoform (d) is shorter than isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC120057, AF529374, BM561839, M11025
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92242.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7Z4G9
    Related
    ENSP00000510808.1, ENST00000691900.1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:172 → 297
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:37 → 162
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  3. NM_080912.3 → NP_550434.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_550434.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (H2') represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (a). Variants H2' and 1 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC120057, DC315727, M11025
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32544.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    Related
    ENSP00000347140.5, ENST00000355035.9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:177 → 302
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:29 → 167
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  4. NM_080913.3 → NP_550435.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_550435.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2), also known as H2c and L-H2, differs in the 5' UTR and uses two alternate splice sites in the 5' coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant H2'. The encoded isoform (b) is shorter than isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC017251, BX483468, M11025
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS11088.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    Related
    ENSP00000254850.7, ENST00000254850.11
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:153 → 278
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:18 → 143
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  5. NM_080914.2 → NP_550436.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform c

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_550436.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate splice site in the 5' coding region but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant H2'. The encoded isoform (c) is shorter than isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC120057, M11025, U97197, X55284
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS45598.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    Related
    ENSP00000405844.2, ENST00000446679.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:158 → 283
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:18 → 148
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    7101322..7115146 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017024651.2 → XP_016880140.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X8

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969

  2. XM_047436090.1 → XP_047292046.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X6

  3. XM_024450755.1 → XP_024306523.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X4

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:245 → 370
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:110 → 235
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  4. XM_011523862.4 → XP_011522164.2  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X1

  5. XM_047436089.1 → XP_047292045.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X3

  6. XM_006721524.3 → XP_006721587.2  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X5

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:114 → 239
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:21 → 104
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  7. XM_011523863.4 → XP_011522165.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011522165.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:165 → 290
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:18 → 155
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  8. XM_024450757.2 → XP_024306525.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X5

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:114 → 239
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:21 → 104
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  9. XM_006721526.3 → XP_006721589.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X9

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006721589.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:153 → 278
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:18 → 143
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  10. XM_047436091.1 → XP_047292047.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X8

  11. XM_024450756.2 → XP_024306524.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X7

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7Z4G9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:172 → 297
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:37 → 162
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

  12. XM_011523864.4 → XP_011522166.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X6

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011522166.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd03590
    Location:184 → 309
    CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
    pfam03954
    Location:29 → 174
    Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    7001999..7016068 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054316168.1 → XP_054172143.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X8

  2. XM_054316166.1 → XP_054172141.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X6

  3. XM_054316163.1 → XP_054172138.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X4

  4. XM_054316160.1 → XP_054172135.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X1

  5. XM_054316162.1 → XP_054172137.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X3

  6. XM_054316164.1 → XP_054172139.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X5

  7. XM_054316161.1 → XP_054172136.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X2

  8. XM_054316171.1 → XP_054172146.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X5

  9. XM_054316170.1 → XP_054172145.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X9

  10. XM_054316169.1 → XP_054172144.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X8

  11. XM_054316167.1 → XP_054172142.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X7

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7Z4G9

  12. XM_054316165.1 → XP_054172140.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X6

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P07307.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P07307

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