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LPO lactoperoxidase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 4025, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
LPOprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
lactoperoxidaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:6678
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000167419 MIM:150205; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6678
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
SPO
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the peroxidase family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. Following its secretion from salivary, mammary, and other mucosal glands, this enzyme catalyzes the generation of the antimicrobial substance hypothiocyanous acid. This gene is present in a gene cluster on chromosome 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Expression
Restricted expression toward salivary gland (RPKM 211.8) See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
17q22
Exon count:
14
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (58238584..58268518)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (59105602..59136399)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (56315945..56345879)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56286020-56286521 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12461 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371841 Neighboring gene MKS transition zone complex subunit 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904038 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56326145-56326710 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12462 Neighboring gene enhancer region in introns 7-9 of MPO Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56355955-56356644 Neighboring gene MPO proximal enhancer and promoter region Neighboring gene MPO upstream enhancer region Neighboring gene myeloperoxidase Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56379736-56380356 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10051 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56386896-56387595 Neighboring gene TSPO associated protein 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56389497-56390115 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8761 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8762 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8763 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:56402416-56402964 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8764 Neighboring gene TSPOAP1, SUPT4H1 and RNF43 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12463 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8765 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12464

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Design of anti-thyroid drugs: Binding studies and structure determination of the complex of lactoperoxidase with 2-mercaptoimidazole at 2.30 Å resolution. Sirohi HV, et al. Proteins, 2017 Oct. PMID 28653416
  2. The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the activity of oral peroxidase. Waszkiewicz N, et al. Folia Histochem Cytobiol, 2012 Oct 8. PMID 23042278
  3. The cytotoxic activity of lactoperoxidase: enhancement and inhibition by neuroactive compounds. Everse J, et al. Free Radic Biol Med, 2004 Sep 15. PMID 15384204
  4. PCR cloning and baculovirus expression of human lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase. Shin K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2000 May 19. PMID 10814547
  5. Identification of lactoperoxidase in mature human milk. Shin K, et al. J Nutr Biochem, 2000 Feb. PMID 10715594

See all (35) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The crystal structure of the complex of LPO with MZY showed that MZY bound to LPO in the substrate-binding site on the distal heme side. MZY was oriented in the substrate-binding site in such a way that the sulfur atom is at a distance of 2.58 A from the heme iron
    Title: Design of anti-thyroid drugs: Binding studies and structure determination of the complex of lactoperoxidase with 2-mercaptoimidazole at 2.30 Å resolution.
  2. LPO mRNA was undetectable in the gastric mucosa.
    Title: The Gastric Mucosa from Patients Infected with CagA+ or VacA+ Helicobacter pylori Has a Lower Level of Dual Oxidase-2 Expression than Uninfected or Infected with CagA-/VacA- H. pylori.
  3. Oral peroxidase activity as a marker of chronic alcohol abuse may help in the diagnosis of alcoholism.
    Title: The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the activity of oral peroxidase.
  4. establish urate as a likely physiological substrate for LPO that will influence host defense and give rise to reactive electrophilic metabolites
    Title: Uric acid and thiocyanate as competing substrates of lactoperoxidase.
  5. High intensity of caries is associated with increased levels of some salivary components - sIgA, histatin-5 and lactoperoxidase.
    Title: The assessment of sIgA, histatin-5, and lactoperoxidase levels in saliva of adolescents with dental caries.
  6. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and risk of childhood leukemia.
  7. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Risk of meningioma and common variation in genes related to innate immunity.
  8. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Lead exposure, polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress, and risk of adult brain tumors.
  9. Splice variants may contribute to LPO molecular heterogeneity and its regulation by intracellular compartmental localization in respiratory epithelium.
    Title: Molecular heterogeneity and alternative splicing of human lactoperoxidase.
  10. Analysis of the role of thiocyanate (SCN-), in modulating the catalytic activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other members of the lactoperoxidase (LPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)
    Title: Thiocyanate modulates the catalytic activity of mammalian peroxidases.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Loci associated with N-glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G show pleiotropy with autoimmune diseases and haematological cancers.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
reverse transcriptase gag-pol Milk protein lactoperoxidase inhibits HIV-1 RT activity in vitro PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC129990, MGC129991

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables heme binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables lactoperoxidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables thiocyanate peroxidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables thiocyanate peroxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in defense response to bacterium IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in defense response to bacterium IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in hydrogen peroxide catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to oxidative stress NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in thiocyanate metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in basolateral plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
lactoperoxidase
Names
salivary peroxidase
NP_001153574.1
NP_006142.1
XP_011523110.1
XP_011523112.1
XP_054172083.1
XP_054172084.1
XP_054172085.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001160102.2 → NP_001153574.1  lactoperoxidase isoform 3 preproprotein

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks two alternate exons in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) lacks an internal segment near the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform is thought to be secreted but the sites of proteolytic processing have not been determined.
    Source sequence(s)
    DB230339, EF579964, M58151, U39573
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS54149.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F5H386
    Related
    ENSP00000400245.2, ENST00000421678.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd09824
    Location:200 → 611
    myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases
    pfam03098
    Location:55 → 591
    An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

  2. NM_006151.3 → NP_006142.1  lactoperoxidase isoform 1 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006142.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest and predominant transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC107166, M58151, U39573
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32689.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A5JUY4, E7EMJ3, P22079, Q13408, Q3KNQ2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F5H386
    Related
    ENSP00000262290.4, ENST00000262290.9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd09824
    Location:283 → 694
    myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases
    pfam03098
    Location:138 → 674
    An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

RNA

  1. NR_027647.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' coding region that causes a frameshift, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK303903, BC107166, DB230339, M58151, U39573
    Related
    ENST00000543544.5

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    58238584..58268518
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011524808.3 → XP_011523110.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cl14561
    Location:283 → 556
    An_peroxidase_like; Animal heme peroxidases and related proteins
    pfam03098
    Location:138 → 536
    An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

  2. XM_011524810.3 → XP_011523112.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd09824
    Location:30 → 441
    myeloperoxidase_like; Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases
    pfam03098
    Location:9 → 421
    An_peroxidase; Animal haem peroxidase

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    59105602..59136399
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054316108.1 → XP_054172083.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X3

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A5JUY4, E7EMJ3, P22079, Q13408, Q3KNQ2

  2. XM_054316109.1 → XP_054172084.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X1

  3. XM_054316110.1 → XP_054172085.1  lactoperoxidase isoform X2

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P22079.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P22079

Gene LinkOut

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