IL16 interleukin 16 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: IL16provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: interleukin 16provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:5980
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000172349 MIM:603035; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5980
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: LCF; NIL16; PRIL16; prIL-16
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a chemoattractant, a modulator of T cell activation, and an inhibitor of HIV replication. The signaling process of this cytokine is mediated by CD4. The product of this gene undergoes proteolytic processing, which is found to yield two functional proteins. The cytokine function is exclusively attributed to the secreted C-terminal peptide, while the N-terminal product may play a role in cell cycle control. Caspase 3 is reported to be involved in the proteolytic processing of this protein. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]
Expression: Broad expression in lymph node (RPKM 15.8), spleen (RPKM 12.1) and 20 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 15q25.1

Exon count:: 25

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	15	NC_000015.10 (81182712..81314058)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	15	NC_060939.1 (79045899..79178128)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	15	NC_000015.9 (81489220..81606399)

Chromosome 15 - NC_000015.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Interleukin-16 is increased in obesity and alters adipogenesis and inflammation in vitro.
Title: Interleukin-16 is increased in obesity and alters adipogenesis and inflammation in vitro.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis hijacks host macrophages-derived interleukin 16 to block phagolysosome maturation for enhancing intracellular growth.
Title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis hijacks host macrophages-derived interleukin 16 to block phagolysosome maturation for enhancing intracellular growth.
Association of IL-6 rs1800795, but not TNF-alpha rs1800629, and IL-1beta rs16944 polymorphisms' genotypes with recovery of ischemic stroke patients following thrombolysis.
Title: Association of IL-6 rs1800795, but not TNF-α rs1800629, and IL-1β rs16944 polymorphisms' genotypes with recovery of ischemic stroke patients following thrombolysis.
The Significant Contribution of Interleukin-16 Genotypes, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, and Helicobacter Pylori Infection to Gastric Cancer.
Title: The Significant Contribution of Interleukin-16 Genotypes, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, and Helicobacter Pylori Infection to Gastric Cancer.
Elevated expression of interleukin 16 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with disease burden and abnormal immune microenvironment.
Title: Elevated expression of interleukin 16 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with disease burden and abnormal immune microenvironment.
The relationship of promoter methylation of calcium voltage-gated channel alpha 1 and interleukin-16 to primary osteoarthritis.
Title: The relationship of promoter methylation of calcium voltage-gated channel alpha 1 and interleukin-16 to primary osteoarthritis.
Interleukin-16 genetic polymorphisms in Guangxi Chinese with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis.
Title: Interleukin-16 genetic polymorphisms in Guangxi Chinese with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis.
Serum concentrations of IL-16 and its genetic polymorphism rs4778889 affect the susceptibility and severity of endometriosis in Nigerian women.
Title: Serum concentrations of IL-16 and its genetic polymorphism rs4778889 affect the susceptibility and severity of endometriosis in Nigerian women.
IL16 and factor V gene variations are associated with asparaginase-related thrombosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.
Title: IL16 and factor V gene variations are associated with asparaginase-related thrombosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.
Interleukin (IL) 16: a candidate urinary biomarker for proliferative lupus nephritis.
Title: Interleukin (IL) 16: a candidate urinary biomarker for proliferative lupus nephritis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (140)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association scan of quantitative traits for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder identifies novel associations and confirms candidate gene associations. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of interleukin 16 (IL16) by shRNA library screening inhibits HIV-1 replication in cultured Jurkat T-cells	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	IL-16 induces rapid translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the membrane in CD4+ cells; PKC inhibitors completely block IL-16-induced lymphocyte migration as well as the motile response induced by HIV-1 gp120 and anti-CD4 antibody binding to CD4	PubMed
Tat	tat	Recombinant IL-16 inhibits HIV-1 Tat activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

STS-H57532 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:51215

G59841 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:136990

RH69578 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41787

WI-11334 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:21330

RH120871 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:32365

IL16_753 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277365

STS-W15415 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:38295

SHGC-12749 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:66458

SHGC-83106 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:101332

PMC15509P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271326

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables CD4 receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables CD4 receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of calcium ion transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Flemming body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in focal adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nuclear speck	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: pro-interleukin-16

Names: lymphocyte chemoattractant factor; neuronal interleukin 16; prointerleukin 16

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_029933.2 RefSeqGene

Range

19169..136348

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001172128.2 → NP_001165599.1 pro-interleukin-16 isoform 3

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165599.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has multiple differences and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is longer, compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AC036196, AC103858

Consensus CDS

CCDS53966.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

I7GGY3

Related

ENSP00000378155.2, ENST00000394660.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00228
Location:1233 → 1319

PDZ; Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2

cd00992
Location:217 → 300

PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
NM_001352684.2 → NP_001339613.1 pro-interleukin-16 isoform 4

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC036196, AC103858

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53HR8

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00228
Location:624 → 710

PDZ; Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2

cd00992
Location:501 → 578

PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...

cl27818
Location:250 → 345

COG1615; Uncharacterized membrane protein, UPF0182 family [Function unknown]
NM_001352685.2 → NP_001339614.1 pro-interleukin-16 isoform 5

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC036196, AC103858

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

I7GGY3

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00228
Location:1063 → 1149

PDZ; Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2

cd00992
Location:47 → 130

PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...

cl27818
Location:690 → 785

COG1615; Uncharacterized membrane protein, UPF0182 family [Function unknown]
NM_001352686.2 → NP_001339615.1 pro-interleukin-16 isoform 6

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC036196, AC103858

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

I7GGY3

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00228
Location:1284 → 1370

PDZ; Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2

cd00992
Location:268 → 351

PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...

cl27818
Location:911 → 1006

COG1615; Uncharacterized membrane protein, UPF0182 family [Function unknown]
NM_004513.6 → NP_004504.3 pro-interleukin-16 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004504.3

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AC103858

Consensus CDS

CCDS10317.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q9UME6

Related

ENSP00000378147.2, ENST00000394652.6

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00228
Location:533 → 619

PDZ; Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2

cd00992
Location:410 → 487

PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...

cl23717
Location:347 → 432

crotonase-like; Crotonase/Enoyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase superfamily. This superfamily contains a diverse set of enzymes including enoyl-CoA hydratase, napthoate synthase, methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, 3-hydoxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase, and dienoyl-CoA isomerase. ...
NM_172217.5 → NP_757366.2 pro-interleukin-16 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_757366.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and and 5' coding region and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is longer at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AC036196, AC103858

Consensus CDS

CCDS42069.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A6NM20, A8MU65, B5TY35, B9EGR6, H3BVH5, Q14005, Q16435, Q6VVE6, Q6ZMQ7, Q9UP18

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

I7GGY3

Related

ENSP00000508085.1, ENST00000683961.1

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00228
Location:1234 → 1320

PDZ; Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2

cd00992
Location:217 → 300

PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...