APOD apolipoprotein D [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: APODprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: apolipoprotein Dprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:612
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000189058 MIM:107740; AllianceGenome:HGNC:612
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary: This gene encodes a component of high density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein sequences. It has a high degree of homology to plasma retinol-binding protein and other members of the alpha 2 microglobulin protein superfamily of carrier proteins, also known as lipocalins. This glycoprotein is closely associated with the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase - an enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]
Expression: Broad expression in fat (RPKM 368.7), brain (RPKM 153.2) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3q29

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	3	NC_000003.12 (195568705..195583940, complement)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	3	NC_060927.1 (198275776..198291015, complement)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	3	NC_000003.11 (195295576..195310811, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

APOD acts on fibroblast-like synoviocyte and chondrocyte to alleviate the process of osteoarthritis in vitro.
Title: APOD acts on fibroblast-like synoviocyte and chondrocyte to alleviate the process of osteoarthritis in vitro.
Identification of Apolipoprotein D as a Dermal Fibroblast Marker of Human Aging for Development of Skin Rejuvenation Therapy.
Title: Identification of Apolipoprotein D as a Dermal Fibroblast Marker of Human Aging for Development of Skin Rejuvenation Therapy.
Apolipoprotein D-mediated preservation of lysosomal function promotes cell survival and delays motor impairment in Niemann-Pick type A disease.
Title: Apolipoprotein D-mediated preservation of lysosomal function promotes cell survival and delays motor impairment in Niemann-Pick type A disease.
Neuroprotective Effect of Apolipoprotein D in Cuprizone-Induced Cell Line Models: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases.
Title: Neuroprotective Effect of Apolipoprotein D in Cuprizone-Induced Cell Line Models: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases.
Apolipoprotein D: a potential biomarker for cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Title: Apolipoprotein D: a potential biomarker for cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Enrichment of apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein D in the HDL proteome is associated with HDL functions in diabetic kidney disease without dialysis.
Title: Enrichment of apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein D in the HDL proteome is associated with HDL functions in diabetic kidney disease without dialysis.
Elevated levels of tumour apolipoprotein D independently predict poor outcome in breast cancer patients.
Title: Elevated levels of tumour apolipoprotein D independently predict poor outcome in breast cancer patients.
LCAT, ApoD, and ApoA1 Expression and Review of Cholesterol Deposition in the Cornea.
Title: LCAT, ApoD, and ApoA1 Expression and Review of Cholesterol Deposition in the Cornea.
HDX-MS reveals orthosteric and allosteric changes in apolipoprotein-D structural dynamics upon binding of progesterone.
Title: HDX-MS reveals orthosteric and allosteric changes in apolipoprotein-D structural dynamics upon binding of progesterone.
Study uncovered processes through which ApoD can modulate hepatic prostaglandin production and omega fatty acid accumulation, resulting in a non-inflammatory hepatic steatosis in transgenic hApoD mice. The accumulation of several omega fatty acids species in the transgenic mouse liver suggests that ApoD might bind to a broader range of fatty acids than previously thought.
Title: Apolipoprotein D overexpression alters hepatic prostaglandin and omega fatty acid metabolism during the development of a non-inflammatory hepatic steatosis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (59)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

GDB:181196 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155170

STS-W81076 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:34404

STS-J02611 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:37269

RH69430 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:47527

D3S1305 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:38578

D3S1305 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:38579

WI-18936 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:23246

STS-J02611 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41976

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cholesterol binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cholesterol binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables lipid transporter activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in angiogenesis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in brain development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in lipid metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in lipid metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in lipid transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of T cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of protein import into nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in peripheral nervous system axon regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to axon injury	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to reactive oxygen species	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to reactive oxygen species	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in tissue regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosolic ribosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in dendrite	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular space	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuronal cell body	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: apolipoprotein D

Names: apo-D

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.