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GNG4 G protein subunit gamma 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2786, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
GNG4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
G protein subunit gamma 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4407
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000168243 MIM:604388; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4407
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
HG3C
Summary
Predicted to enable G-protein beta-subunit binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of cell growth. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Biased expression in brain (RPKM 11.8), ovary (RPKM 8.0) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See GNG4 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1q42.3
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (235547685..235650608, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (234943567..235047271, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (235710985..235813908, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235709205-235709705 Neighboring gene MT-CO3 pseudogene 46 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235729298-235729799 Neighboring gene MT-ND3 pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 39 member 14 pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235785967-235786467 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904560 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 105 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1989 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235814049-235814900 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235832683-235833882 Neighboring gene lysosomal trafficking regulator Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235871544-235872743 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235884502-235885701 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak779 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2803 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1990 Neighboring gene lactate dehydrogenase A pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:235977481-235977982 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11090 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2804 Neighboring gene microRNA 1537

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. G-Protein Subunit Gamma 4 as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Response of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer. Duan L, et al. Genes (Basel), 2022 Apr 14. PMID 35456499, Free PMC Article
  2. Identifying GNG4 might play an important role in colorectal cancer TMB. Zhao H, et al. Cancer Biomark, 2021. PMID 34275892
  3. G-protein subunit gamma-4 expression has potential for detection, prediction and therapeutic targeting in liver metastasis of gastric cancer. Tanaka H, et al. Br J Cancer, 2021 Jul. PMID 33854208, Free PMC Article
  4. Neurotransmitter Pathway Genes in Cognitive Decline During Aging: Evidence for GNG4 and KCNQ2 Genes. Bonham LW, et al. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2018 May. PMID 29338302, Free PMC Article
  5. TREK-1 and Best1 channels mediate fast and slow glutamate release in astrocytes upon GPCR activation. Woo DH, et al. Cell, 2012 Sep 28. PMID 23021213

See all (32) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. GNG4, as a potential predictor of prognosis, is correlated with immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma.
    Title: GNG4, as a potential predictor of prognosis, is correlated with immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma.
  2. G-Protein Subunit Gamma 4 as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Response of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.
    Title: G-Protein Subunit Gamma 4 as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Response of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.
  3. Identifying GNG4 might play an important role in colorectal cancer TMB.
    Title: Identifying GNG4 might play an important role in colorectal cancer TMB.
  4. G-protein subunit gamma-4 expression has potential for detection, prediction and therapeutic targeting in liver metastasis of gastric cancer.
    Title: G-protein subunit gamma-4 expression has potential for detection, prediction and therapeutic targeting in liver metastasis of gastric cancer.
  5. Common genetic variation in GNG4 and KCNQ2 was associated with cognitive decline. In human brain tissue data sets, both GNG4 and KCNQ2 show higher expression in hippocampus relative to other brain regions.
    Title: Neurotransmitter Pathway Genes in Cognitive Decline During Aging: Evidence for GNG4 and KCNQ2 Genes.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genetic correlates of longevity and selected age-related phenotypes: a genome-wide association study in the Framingham Study.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ23803, FLJ34187, DKFZp547K1018

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables G-protein beta-subunit binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4
Names
guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 4
guanine nucleotide binding protein 4
heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein 3C

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001098721.2 → NP_001092191.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001092191.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK074383, AK311781, BC022485, DA230013, FO393422
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1607.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
    Related
    ENSP00000398629.1, ENST00000450593.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00224
    Location:13 → 75
    GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

  2. NM_001098722.2 → NP_001092192.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001092192.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK074383, AK311781, CX784976, FO393422
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1607.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
    Related
    ENSP00000375727.2, ENST00000391854.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00224
    Location:13 → 75
    GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

  3. NM_004485.4 → NP_004476.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004476.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK074383, BC022485, FO393422
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1607.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
    Related
    ENSP00000355557.4, ENST00000366598.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00224
    Location:13 → 75
    GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    235547685..235650608 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047418084.1 → XP_047274040.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
    Related
    ENSP00000355556.1, ENST00000366597.5

  2. XM_011544167.2 → XP_011542469.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011542469.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
    Related
    ENSP00000482192.1, ENST00000484517.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00224
    Location:13 → 75
    GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

  3. XM_006711761.3 → XP_006711824.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006711824.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00224
    Location:13 → 75
    GGL; G protein gamma subunit-like motifs

Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

Genomic

  1. NW_014040927.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Range
    191277..195835 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    234943567..235047271 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054336087.1 → XP_054192062.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0

  2. XM_054336089.1 → XP_054192064.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0

  3. XM_054336088.1 → XP_054192063.1  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P50150
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3R8, B1APZ0
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P50150.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P50150

Gene LinkOut

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