GALR1 galanin receptor 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GALR1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: galanin receptor 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4132
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000166573 MIM:600377; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4132
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GALNR; GALNR1
Summary: The neuropeptide galanin elicits a range of biological effects by interaction with specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Galanin receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins shown to activate a variety of intracellular second-messenger pathways. GALR1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase via a G protein of the Gi/Go family. GALR1 is widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord, as well as in peripheral sites such as the small intestine and heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Biased expression in adrenal (RPKM 1.2), brain (RPKM 0.7) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 18q23

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	18	NC_000018.10 (77249848..77277900)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	18	NC_060942.1 (77480984..77510848)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	18	NC_000018.9 (74961804..74989856)

Chromosome 18 - NC_000018.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Promoter hypermethylation of GALR1 acts as an early epigenetic susceptibility event in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Title: Promoter hypermethylation of GALR1 acts as an early epigenetic susceptibility event in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients.
Title: Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients.
Further evidence for the association of GAL, GALR1 and NPY1R variants with opioid dependence.
Title: Further evidence for the association of GAL, GALR1 and NPY1R variants with opioid dependence.
A Three Protein-Coding Gene Prognostic Model Predicts Overall Survival in Bladder Cancer Patients.
Title: A Three Protein-Coding Gene Prognostic Model Predicts Overall Survival in Bladder Cancer Patients.
Low GALR1 expression is associated with gastric cancer.
Title: Galanin expression is down-regulated in patients with gastric cancer.
High methylation of GALR1 is associated with head and neck cancer.
Title: Prognostic value of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor-related genes in early-stage head and neck cancer.
Study provides evidence that GAL and GALR1/2 genes were identified as aberrantly methylated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Title: Site-specific methylation patterns of the GAL and GALR1/2 genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.
The MOR-Gal1R heteromer can explain previous results showing antagonistic galanin-opioid interactions and offers a new therapeutic target for the treatment of opioid use disorder
Title: Functional μ-Opioid-Galanin Receptor Heteromers in the Ventral Tegmental Area.
GAL and its receptors, GALR1 and GALR2, play a role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis
Title: Epigenetic inactivation of galanin and GALR1/2 is associated with early recurrence in head and neck cancer.
Variants in genes for galanin (GAL) and its receptors (GALR1, GALR2, GALR3), despite their disparate genomic loci, conferred increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events.
Title: Brain galanin system genes interact with life stresses in depression-related phenotypes.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (26)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Copy number response

Description
Copy number response Haploinsufficency No evidence available (Last evaluated 2012-07-06) ClinGen Genome Curation Page Triplosensitivity No evidence available (Last evaluated 2012-07-06) ClinGen Genome Curation Page

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Novel genetic loci identified for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in the Hispanic population. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

GALR1_324 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277268

D18S1115 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:50233

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:481104

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables galanin receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables neuropeptide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptide hormone binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of cortisol secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galanin receptor type 1

Names: GAL1-R; GALR-1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_009223.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..25091

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001480.4 → NP_001471.2 galanin receptor type 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001471.2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC100863, U23854

Consensus CDS

CCDS12012.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47211, Q4VBL7

Related

ENSP00000299727.3, ENST00000299727.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd15098
Location:34 → 314

7tmA_Gal1_R; galanin receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors