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GNRHR2 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (pseudogene) [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 114814, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
GNRHR2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (pseudogene)provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:16341
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000293505 MIM:612875; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16341
Gene type
pseudo
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GNRHR2P; GnRH-II-R
Summary
In non-hominoid primates and non-mammalian vertebrates, the gonadotropin releasing hormone 2 receptor gene (GnRHR2) encodes a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor. However, in human, the corresponding reading frame contains a premature stop codon, which has been suggested to encode a selenocysteine residue, but there is no solid evidence for selenocysteine incorporation (PMID: 12538601). It appears that the human GnRHR2 transcription occurs but the gene does not likely produce a functional multi-transmembrane protein. A non-transcribed pseudogene of GnRHR2 is located on chromosome 14. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 13.0), kidney (RPKM 11.5) and 25 other tissues See more
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Genomic context

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Location:
1q21.1
Exon count:
4
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (145919013..145925341)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (145035832..145042160)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (145509752..145516076, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene integrin subunit alpha 10 Neighboring gene peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 beta Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145516673-145517219 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145516125-145516672 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1616 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1617 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145507474-145508673 Neighboring gene RNA binding motif protein 8A Neighboring gene LIX1L antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene limb and CNS expressed 1 like Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1269 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1270 Neighboring gene conserved acetylation island sequence C12 enhancer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145473321-145474156 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4010 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1621 Neighboring gene ankyrin repeat domain 34A

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Comparative genomics of the endocrine systems in humans and chimpanzees with special reference to GNRH2 and UCN2 and their receptors. Ikemoto T, et al. Genomics, 2006 Apr. PMID 16406723
  2. GnRH-II receptor-like antigenicity in human placenta and in cancers of the human reproductive organs. Eicke N, et al. Eur J Endocrinol, 2005 Oct. PMID 16189182
  3. A transcriptionally active human type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene homolog overlaps two genes in the antisense orientation on chromosome 1q.12. Morgan K, et al. Endocrinology, 2003 Feb. PMID 12538601
  4. A novel human GnRH receptor homolog gene: abundant and wide tissue distribution of the antisense transcript. Millar R, et al. J Endocrinol, 1999 Jul. PMID 10396028
  5. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone type II antagonist induces apoptosis in MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Gründker C, et al. Breast Cancer Res, 2010. PMID 20630060, Free PMC Article

See all (19) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 and its receptor in human reproductive cancers.
    Title: Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 and its receptor in human reproductive cancers.
  2. Data indicate that GnRH-II antagonists seem to be suitable drugs for an efficacious and less-toxic endocrine therapy for breast cancers, including triple-negative breast cancers.
    Title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone type II antagonist induces apoptosis in MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
  3. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Comprehensive copy number variant (CNV) analysis of neuronal pathways genes in psychiatric disorders identifies rare variants within patients.
  4. Expression of GnRH2 protein and receptor (GnRHR2) is confirmed in both leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrium.
    Title: Human myometrium and leiomyomas express gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 receptor.
  5. the GnRHR-II-reliquum plays a modulatory role in GnRHR-I expression
    Title: Inhibition of human type i gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) function by expression of a human type II GnRHR gene fragment.
  6. Immune histological sections of human placenta and human endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancers using rabbit anti-human GnRH-II receptor antiserum showed GnRH-II receptor-like staining.
    Title: GnRH-II receptor-like antigenicity in human placenta and in cancers of the human reproductive organs.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

General gene information

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Markers

Other Names

  • GnRH receptor II 5TM
  • Type II GnRH receptor
  • gonadotropin-releasing hormone (type 2) receptor 2, pseudogene

Clone Names

  • FLJ17778

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables peptide binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to hormone stimulus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

RNA

  1. NR_002328.4 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY077708, AY081843
    Related
    ENST00000312753.9

  2. NR_104033.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an internal segment in the 5' region, compared to variant 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY077708, AY081843
    Related
    ENST00000361928.2

  3. NR_104034.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks two exons but has an alternate 3' terminal exon, compared to variant 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    DQ266410

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    145919013..145925341
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    145035832..145042160
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_057163.2: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_057163.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is now thought that this gene is a pseudogene.

  2. NM_206994.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_206994.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is now thought that this gene is a pseudogene.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q96P88.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q96P88

Gene LinkOut

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