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ACTR2 actin related protein 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10097, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
ACTR2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
actin related protein 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:169
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000138071 MIM:604221; AllianceGenome:HGNC:169
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ARP2
Summary
The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in appendix (RPKM 135.1), lymph node (RPKM 134.7) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
2p14
Exon count:
10
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (65227831..65271253)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (65237506..65280921)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (65454965..65498387)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA SNORA74 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65404421-65404957 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3732 silencer Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907779 Neighboring gene VDAC2 pseudogene 5 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65453956-65454845 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65454846-65455734 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15927 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_58697 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65502227-65502894 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907781 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:65522924-65523106 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15928 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15929 Neighboring gene sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 2 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65584660-65585161 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15930 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65604858-65605439 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15931 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15932 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65614878-65615414 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15933 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15934 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15935 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15936 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65647515-65648016 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:65648017-65648516 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11579 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11580 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11581

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. A familial 2p14 microdeletion disrupting actin-related protein 2 and Ras-related protein Rab-1A genes with intellectual disability and language impairment. Tabata K, et al. Eur J Med Genet, 2022 Mar. PMID 35134569
  2. Actin-Related Protein 2 (ARP2) and Virus-Induced Filopodia Facilitate Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Spread. Mehedi M, et al. PLoS Pathog, 2016 Dec. PMID 27926942, Free PMC Article
  3. Coronin3 regulates gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by interacting with Arp2. Sun Y, et al. Cancer Biol Ther, 2014 Sep. PMID 24918434, Free PMC Article
  4. Phosphorylation of the Arp2 subunit relieves auto-inhibitory interactions for Arp2/3 complex activation. Narayanan A, et al. PLoS Comput Biol, 2011 Nov. PMID 22125478, Free PMC Article
  5. Actin-related protein (Arp2) inserts into artificial lipid membranes. Goldmann WH, et al. Cell Biol Int, 2002. PMID 12468383

See all (208) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Interaction of species A rotavirus VP4 with the cellular proteins vimentin and actin related protein 2 discovered by a proximity interactome assay.
    Title: Interaction of species A rotavirus VP4 with the cellular proteins vimentin and actin related protein 2 discovered by a proximity interactome assay.
  2. Transition State of Arp2/3 Complex Activation by Actin-Bound Dimeric Nucleation-Promoting Factor.
    Title: Transition State of Arp2/3 Complex Activation by Actin-Bound Dimeric Nucleation-Promoting Factor.
  3. ARPC5 isoforms and their regulation by calcium-calmodulin-N-WASP drive distinct Arp2/3-dependent actin remodeling events in CD4 T cells.
    Title: ARPC5 isoforms and their regulation by calcium-calmodulin-N-WASP drive distinct Arp2/3-dependent actin remodeling events in CD4 T cells.
  4. A familial 2p14 microdeletion disrupting actin-related protein 2 and Ras-related protein Rab-1A genes with intellectual disability and language impairment.
    Title: A familial 2p14 microdeletion disrupting actin-related protein 2 and Ras-related protein Rab-1A genes with intellectual disability and language impairment.
  5. Proline-rich 11 (PRR11) drives F-actin assembly by recruiting the actin-related protein 2/3 complex in human non-small cell lung carcinoma.
    Title: Proline-rich 11 (PRR11) drives F-actin assembly by recruiting the actin-related protein 2/3 complex in human non-small cell lung carcinoma.
  6. Overall, the authors demonstrate the active role of the Arp2/3 complex and WIPF2 in mediating the internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia into human airway epithelial cells.
    Title: Phagocytosis of Aspergillus fumigatus by Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by the Arp2/3 Complex and WIPF2.
  7. Proteins involved in actin-filament-based processes, specifically CDC42 and members of the ARP2/3 complex are crucial for establishment of Japanese encephalitis virus infection.
    Title: Membrane trafficking RNA interference screen identifies a crucial role of the clathrin endocytic pathway and ARP2/3 complex for Japanese encephalitis virus infection in HeLa cells.
  8. we show that drebrin and hCDC14A regulate the recruitment of the actin organizer Arp2 to centrosomes. In addition, during ciliogenesis hCDC14A also regulates endocytosis and targeting of myosin Va vesicles to the basal body in a drebrin-independent manner, indicating that it impacts primary cilia formation in a multilayered manner.
    Title: The human phosphatase CDC14A modulates primary cilium length by regulating centrosomal actin nucleation.
  9. Collectively, our results demonstrate that palladin can functionally replace the Arp2/3 complex during bacterial actin-based cellular entry and intracellular motility of Listeria monocytogenes.
    Title: Palladin Compensates for the Arp2/3 Complex and Supports Actin Structures during Listeria Infections.
  10. RARalpha regulates Arp2/3-mediated actin cytoskeletal dynamics through a non-genomic signaling pathway
    Title: Non-genomic activities of retinoic acid receptor alpha control actin cytoskeletal events in human platelets.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (53)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
contributes_to actin filament binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
contributes_to actin filament binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables structural constituent of cytoskeleton IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in asymmetric cell division IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to type II interferon IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within cilium assembly IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cytosolic transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in meiotic cytokinesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
NOT involved_in regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in spindle localization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of Arp2/3 protein complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of Arp2/3 protein complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of Arp2/3 protein complex TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in actin cap IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in actin cytoskeleton TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in azurophil granule lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in cell cortex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cell projection IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in ficolin-1-rich granule lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
located_in membrane HDA PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in site of double-strand break IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
actin-related protein 2
Names
ARP2 actin related protein 2 homolog
actin-like protein 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001005386.3 → NP_001005386.1  actin-related protein 2 isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001005386.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC007318, AK315205, BX491447, DC404298, W15444
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46307.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DHK9
    Related
    ENSP00000367220.4, ENST00000377982.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00268
    Location:6 → 393
    ACTIN; Actin

  2. NM_005722.4 → NP_005713.1  actin-related protein 2 isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005713.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC007318, AF006082, DC404298, W15444
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1881.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RCP5, D6W5F4, E9PF41, O15142, P61160, Q96C82
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q8IY98
    Related
    ENSP00000260641.5, ENST00000260641.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00268
    Location:6 → 388
    ACTIN; Actin

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    65227831..65271253
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    65237506..65280921
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P61160.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P61160

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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