The Lim domain of Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm (Eplin); The Lim domain of Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm (Eplin): Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm is a cytoskeleton-associated tumor suppressor whose expression inversely correlates with cell growth, motility, invasion and cancer mortality. Eplin interacts and stabilizes F-actin filaments and stress fibers, which correlates with its ability to suppress anchorage independent growth. In epithelial cells, Eplin is required for formation of the F-actin adhesion belt by binding to the E-cadherin-catenin complex through alpha-catenin. Eplin is expressed in two isoforms, a longer Eplin-beta and a shorter Eplin-alpha. Eplin-alpha mRNA is detected in various tissues and cell lines, but is absent or down regulated in cancer cells. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09485    1 CVSCQKTVYPLERLVANQQIYHNSCFRCSYCNTKLSLGTYASLHGNIYCKPHF 53

The Lim domain of Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm (Eplin); The Lim domain of Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm (Eplin): Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm is a cytoskeleton-associated tumor suppressor whose expression inversely correlates with cell growth, motility, invasion and cancer mortality. Eplin interacts and stabilizes F-actin filaments and stress fibers, which correlates with its ability to suppress anchorage independent growth. In epithelial cells, Eplin is required for formation of the F-actin adhesion belt by binding to the E-cadherin-catenin complex through alpha-catenin. Eplin is expressed in two isoforms, a longer Eplin-beta and a shorter Eplin-alpha. Eplin-alpha mRNA is detected in various tissues and cell lines, but is absent or down regulated in cancer cells. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09485    1 CVSCQKTVYPLERLVANQQIYHNSCFRCSYCNTKLSLGTYASLHGNIYCKPHF 53

LIM domain; This family represents two copies of the LIM structural domain.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 165905591  231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHFNQLF 287
Cdd:pfam00412   1 CAGCNRPIYDRELVRALGKVWHPECFRCAVCGKPLTTGDFYEKDGKLYCKHDYYKLF 57

The Lim domain of Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm (Eplin); The Lim domain of Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm (Eplin): Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm is a cytoskeleton-associated tumor suppressor whose expression inversely correlates with cell growth, motility, invasion and cancer mortality. Eplin interacts and stabilizes F-actin filaments and stress fibers, which correlates with its ability to suppress anchorage independent growth. In epithelial cells, Eplin is required for formation of the F-actin adhesion belt by binding to the E-cadherin-catenin complex through alpha-catenin. Eplin is expressed in two isoforms, a longer Eplin-beta and a shorter Eplin-alpha. Eplin-alpha mRNA is detected in various tissues and cell lines, but is absent or down regulated in cancer cells. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09485    1 CVSCQKTVYPLERLVANQQIYHNSCFRCSYCNTKLSLGTYASLHGNIYCKPHF 53

The LIM domain of Mical (molecule interacting with CasL) like family; The LIM domain of Mical (molecule interacting with CasL) like family: Known members of this family includes LIM domain containing proteins; Mical (molecule interacting with CasL), pollen specific protein SF3, Eplin, xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 2 (XIRP2) and Ltd-1. The members of this family function mainly at the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions. They interact with transcription factors or other signaling molecules to play roles in muscle development, neuronal differentiation, cell growth and mobility. Eplin has also found to be tumor suppressor. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs.. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09358    1 CAVCGKTVYPMERLVADGKLFHKSCFRCSHCNKTLRLGNYASLEGKLYCKPHF 53

The first Lim domain of pollen specific protein SF3; The first Lim domain of pollen specific protein SF3: SF3 is a Lim protein that is found exclusively in mature plant pollen grains. It contains two LIM domains. The exact function of SF3 is unknown. It may be a transcription factor required for the expression of late pollen genes. It is possible that SF3 protein is involved in controlling pollen-specific processes such as male gamete maturation, pollen tube formation, or even fertilization. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 165905591 229 ETCVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHFNQLFKS 289
Cdd:cd09440    3 QKCKACDKTVYLVDQLSADGVVYHKSCFRCSHCKGTLKLSNYSSMEGVLYCKPHFEQLFKE 63

The LIM domain of Mical (molecule interacting with CasL); The LIM domain of Mical (molecule interacting with CasL): MICAL is a large, multidomain, cytosolic protein with a single LIM domain, a calponin homology (CH) domain and a flavoprotein monooxygenase domain. In Drosophila, MICAL is expressed in axons, interacts with the neuronal A (PlexA) receptor and is required for Semapho-rin 1a (Sema-1a)-PlexA-mediated repulsive axon guidance. The LIM domain and calporin homology domain are known for interactions with the cytoskeleton, cytoskeletal adaptor proteins, and other signaling proteins. The flavoprotein monooxygenase (MO) is required for semaphorin-plexin repulsive axon guidance during axonal pathfinding in the Drosophila neuromuscular system. In addition, MICAL was characterized to interact with Rab13 and Rab8 to coordinate the assembly of tight junctions and adherens junctions in epithelial cells. Thus, MICAL was also named junctional Rab13-binding protein (JRAB). As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYA--SLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09439    1 CYFCKKRVYVMERLSAEGLFFHRSCFKCSYCGTTLRLGAYAfdRDDGKFYCKPHF 55

Zinc-binding domain present in Lin-11, Isl-1, Mec-3; Zinc-binding domain family. Some LIM domains bind protein partners via tyrosine-containing motifs. LIM domains are found in many key regulators of developmental pathways.

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gi 165905591   231 CVECQKTVYPMER-LLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPH 282
Cdd:smart00132   2 CAGCGKPIYGTERvLRALGKVWHPECFKCATCGKPLSGDTFFEKDGKLYCKDC 54

LIM is a small protein-protein interaction domain, containing two zinc fingers; LIM domains are identified in a diverse group of proteins with wide variety of biological functions, including gene expression regulation, cell fate determination, cytoskeleton organization, tumor formation and development. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes. They perform their functions through interactions with other protein partners. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. The consensus sequence of LIM domain has been defined as C-x(2)-C-x(16,23)-H-x(2)-[CH]-x(2)-C-x(2)-C-x(16,21)-C-x(2,3)-[CHD] (where X denotes any amino acid).

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd08368    1 CAGCGKPIEGRELLRALGKKWHPECFKCAECGKPLGGDSFYEKDGKPYCEKCY 53

The LIM domain of LIM and transglutaminase domains protein (Ltd-1); The LIM domain of LIM and transglutaminase domains protein (Ltd-1): This family includes mouse Ky protein and Caenorhabditis elegans Ltd-1 protein. The members of this family consists a N-terminal Lim domain and a C-terminal transglutaminase domain. The mouse Ky protein has putative function in muscle development. The mouse with ky mutant exhibits combined posterior and lateral curvature of the spine. The Ltd-1 gene in C. elegans is expressed in developing hypodermal cells from the twofold stage embryo through adulthood. These data define the ltd-1 gene as a novel marker for C. elegans epithelial cell development. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLH--GRIYCKPH 282
Cdd:cd09443    1 CPRCGKTAYPAESVDKDGTFYHKGCFKCRECGTRLSLKTFTFVQgdGEVYCARH 54

LIM domain in proteins of unknown function; LIM domain in proteins of unknown function: LIM domains are identified in a diverse group of proteins with wide variety of biological functions, including gene expression regulation, cell fate determination, cytoskeleton organization, tumor formation, and development. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes. They perform their functions through interactions with other protein partners. The LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. The consensus sequence of LIM domain has been defined as C-x(2)-C-x(16,23)-H-x(2)-[CH]-x(2)-C-x(2)-C-x(16,21)-C-x(2,3)-[CHD] (where X denotes any amino acid).

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 165905591 228 RETCVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYC 279
Cdd:cd09400    2 REPCASCGLPVFLAERLLIEGKVYHRTCFKCARCGVQLTPGSFYETEYGSYC 53

The LIM domains of thymus LIM protein (TLP); The LIM domain of thymus LIM protein (TLP) like proteins: This family includes the LIM domains of TLP and CRIP (Cysteine-Rich Intestinal Protein). TLP is the distant member of the CRP family of proteins. TLP has two isomers (TLP-A and TLP-B) and sharing approximately 30% with each of the three other CRPs. Like CRP1, CRP2 and CRP3/MLP, TLP has two LIM domains, connected by a flexible linker region. Unlike the CRPs, TLP lacks the nuclear targeting signal (K/R-K/R-Y-G-P-K) and is localized solely in the cytoplasm. TLP is specifically expressed in the thymus in a subset of cortical epithelial cells. TLP has a role in development of normal thymus and in controlling the development and differentiation of thymic epithelial cells. CRIP is a short LIM protein with only one LIM domain. CRIP gene is developmentally regulated and can be induced by glucocorticoid hormones during the first three postnatal weeks. The domain shows close sequence homology to LIM domain of thymus LIM protein. However, unlike the TLP proteins which have two LIM domains, the members of this family have only one LIM domain. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKP 281
Cdd:cd09401    1 CPKCGKPVYFAEKKTSLGRDWHKPCLRCEKCKKTLTPGQHSEHEGKPYCNK 51

The first LIM domain of Cysteine Rich Protein 3 (CRP3/MLP); The first LIM domain of Cysteine Rich Protein 3 (CRP3/MLP): Cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) are characterized by the presence of two LIM domains linked to short glycine-rich repeats (GRRs). The CRP family members include CRP1, CRP2, CRP3/MLP and TLPCRP1, CRP2 and CRP3 share a conserved nuclear targeting signal (K/R-K/R-Y-G-P-K), which supports the fact that these proteins function not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. CRPs control regulatory pathways during cellular differentiation, and involve in complex transcription circuits, and the organization as well as the arrangement of the myofibrillar/cytoskeletal network.CRP3 also called Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), which is a striated muscle-specific factor that enhances myogenic differentiation. CRP3/MLP interacts with cytoskeletal protein beta-spectrin. CRP3/MLP also interacts with the basic helix-loop-helix myogenic transcriptio n factors MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 thereby increasing their affinity for specific DNA regulatory elements. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCK 280
Cdd:cd09481    2 CGACEKTVYHAEEIQCNGRSFHKTCFICMACRKALDSTTVAAHESEIYCK 51

The first LIM domain of LIMK (LIM domain Kinase ); The first LIM domain of LIMK (LIM domain Kinase ): LIMK protein family is comprised of two members LIMK1 and LIMK2. LIMK contains two LIM domains, a PDZ domain and a kinase domain. LIMK is involved in the regulation of actin polymerization and microtubule disassembly. LIMK influences architecture of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the activity of the cofilin family proteins cofilin1, cofilin2, and destrin. The mechanism of the activation is to phosphorylates cofilin on serine 3 and inactivates its actin-severing activity, and altering the rate of actin depolymerisation. LIMKs can function in both cytoplasm and nucleus and are expressed in all tissues. Both LIMK1 and LIMK2 can act in the nucleus to suppress Rac/Cdc42-dependent cyclin D1 expression. However, LIMK1 and LIMk2 have different cellular locations. While LIMK1 localizes mainly at focal adhesions, LIMK2 is found in cytoplasmic punctae, suggesting that they may have different cellular functions. The LIM domains of LIMK have been shown to play an important role in regulating kinase activity and likely also contribute to LIMK function by acting as sites of protein-to-protein interactions. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSlGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09364    1 CAGCRGKILDSQYVQALNQDWHCDCFRCSVCSDSLS-NWYFEKDGKLYCRKDY 52

The second LIM domain of Cysteine Rich Protein (CRP); The second LIM domain of Cysteine Rich Protein (CRP): Cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) are characterized by the presence of two LIM domains linked to a short glycine-rich repeats (GRRs). The CRP family members include CRP1, CRP2, CRP3/MLP. CRP1, CRP2 and CRP3 share a conserved nuclear targeting signal (K/R-K/R-Y-G-P-K), which supports the fact that these proteins function not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. CRPs control regulatory pathways during cellular differentiation, and involve in complex transcription control, and the organization as well as the arrangement of the myofibrillar/cytoskeletal network. It is evident that CRP1, CRP2, and CRP3/MLP are involved in promoting protein assembly along the actin-based cytoskeleton. Although members of the CRP family share common binding partners, they are also capable of recognizing different and specific targets. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residu es, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCK 280
Cdd:cd09403    1 CPRCGKSVYAAEKIIGAGKPWHKNCFRCAKCGKSLESTTLADKDGEIYCK 50

The second LIM domain of Cysteine Rich Protein 2 (CRP2); The second LIM domain of Cysteine Rich Protein 2 (CRP2): Cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) are characterized by the presence of two LIM domains linked to short glycine-rich repeats (GRRs). The CRP family members include CRP1, CRP2, CRP3/MLP and TLPCRP1, CRP2 and CRP3 share a conserved nuclear targeting signal (K/R-K/R-Y-G-P-K), which supports the fact that these proteins function not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. CRPs control regulatory pathways during cellular differentiation, and involve in complex transcription circuits, and the organization as well as the arrangement of the myofibrillar/cytoskeletal network.CRP3 also called Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), which is a striated muscle-specific factor that enhances myogenic differentiation. The second LIM domain of CRP3/MLP interacts with cytoskeletal protein beta-spectrin. CRP3/MLP also interacts with the basic helix-loop-helix myogenic transcription factors MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 thereby increasing their affinity for specific DNA regulatory elements. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCK 280
Cdd:cd09840    1 CSRCGDSVYAAEKIMGAGKPWHKNCFRCAKCGKSLESTTLTEKEGEIYCK 50

This domain belongs to the LIM domain family which are found on Mical (molecule interacting with CasL) like proteins; The LIM domain on proteins of unknown function: This domain belongs to the LIM domain family which are found on Mical (molecule interacting with CasL) like proteins. Known members of the Mical-like family includes single LIM domain containing proteins, Mical (molecule interacting with CasL), pollen specific protein SF3, Eplin, xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 2 (XIRP2), and Ltd-1. The members of this family function mainly at the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions. They interact with transcription factors or other signaling molecules to play roles in muscle development, neuronal differentiation, cell growth, and mobility. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTY--ASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09444    1 CAACGQHVHLVQRHLVDGKLYHRNCFRCKECSSTLLPGSYkaGPEPGTFVCTHHH 55

The LIM domain of N-RAP; The LIM domain of N-RAP: N-RAP is a muscle-specific protein concentrated at myotendinous junctions in skeletal muscle and intercalated disks in cardiac muscle. LIM domain is found at the N-terminus of N-RAP and the C-terminal of N-RAP contains a region with multiple of nebulin repeats. N-RAP functions as a scaffolding protein that organizes alpha-actinin and actin into symmetrical I-Z-I structures in developing myofibrils. Nebulin repeat is known as actin binding domain. The N-RAP is hypothesized to form antiparallel dimerization via its LIM domain. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPH 282
Cdd:cd09446    1 CARCGYGVYPAEKINCIDQTWHKACFHCEVCKMMLTVNNFVSHQKKPYCQAH 52

The first LIM domain of Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6); The first LIM domain of Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6): TRIP6 is a member of the zyxin LIM protein family and contains three LIM zinc-binding domains at the C-terminal. TRIP6 protein localizes to focal adhesion sites and along actin stress fibers. Recruitment of this protein to the plasma membrane occurs in a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-dependent manner. TRIP6 recruits a number of molecules involved in actin assembly, cell motility, survival and transcriptional control. The function of TRIP6 in cell motility is regulated by Src-dependent phosphorylation at a Tyr residue. The phosphorylation activates the coupling to the Crk SH2 domain, which is required for the function of TRIP6 in promoting lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced cell migration. TRIP6 can shuttle to the nucleus to serve as a coactivator of AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcriptional factors. Moreover, TRIP6 can form a ternary complex with the NHERF2 PDZ protein and LPA2 receptor to regulate LPA-induced activation of ERK and AKT, rendering cells resistant to chemotherapy. Recent evidence shows that TRIP6 antagonizes Fas-Induced apoptosis by enhancing the antiapoptotic effect of LPA in cells. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 165905591 231 CVEC-QKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKP 281
Cdd:cd09350    1 CGRCgENVVGEGTGCTAMDQVFHVDCFTCMTCNGKLRGQPFYAVEKKAYCEP 52

The third LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins; The third LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins: Three homologous members of the abLIM protein family have been identified; abLIM-1, abLIM-2 and abLIM-3. The N-terminal of abLIM consists of four tandem repeats of LIM domains and the C-terminal of acting binding LIM protein is a villin headpiece domain, which has strong actin binding activity. The abLIM-1, which is expressed in retina, brain, and muscle tissue, has been indicated to function as a tumor suppressor. AbLIM-2 and -3, mainly expressed in muscle and neuronal tissue, bind to F-actin strongly. They may serve as a scaffold for signaling modules of the actin cytoskeleton and thereby modulate transcription. It has shown that LIM domains of abLIMs interact with STARS (striated muscle activator of Rho signaling), which directly binds actin and stimulates serum-response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSlGTYASLHGRIYC 279
Cdd:cd09329    1 CAGCGQEIKNGQALLALDKQWHVWCFKCKECGKVLT-GEYMGKDGKPYC 48

The second LIM domain of thymus LIM protein (TLP); The second LIM domain of thymus LIM protein (TLP): TLP is the distant member of the CRP family of proteins. TLP has two isomers (TLP-A and TLP-B) and sharing approximately 30% with each of the three other CRPs. Like CRP1, CRP2 and CRP3/MLP, TLP has two LIM domains, connected by a flexible linker region. Unlike the CRPs, TLP lacks the nuclear targeting signal (K/R-K/R-Y-G-P-K) and is localized solely in the cytoplasm. TLP is specifically expressed in the thymus in a subset of cortical epithelial cells. TLP has a role in development of normal thymus and in controlling the development and differentiation of thymic epithelial cells. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYC 279
Cdd:cd09477    1 CPGCGKPVYFAEKVMSLGRNWHRPCLRCQRCKKTLTAGGHAEHDGSPYC 49

The first LIM domain of LIMK1 (LIM domain Kinase 1); The first LIM domain of LIMK1 (LIM domain Kinase 1): LIMK1 belongs to the LIMK protein family, which comprises LIMK1 and LIMK2. LIMK contains two LIM domains, a PDZ domain, and a kinase domain. LIMK is involved in the regulation of actin polymerization and microtubule disassembly. LIMK influences architecture of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the activity of the cofilin family proteins cofilin1, cofilin2, and destrin. The mechanism of the activation is to phosphorylates cofilin on serine 3 and inactivates its actin-severing activity, and altering the rate of actin depolymerization. LIMKs can function in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Both LIMK1 and LIMK2 can act in the nucleus to suppress Rac/Cdc42-dependent cyclin D1 expression. LIMK1 is expressed in all tissues and is localized to focal adhesions in the cell. LIMK1 can form homodimers upon binding of HSP90 and is activated by Rho effector Rho kinase and MAPKAPK2. LIMK1 is important for normal central nervous system development, and its deletion has been implicated in the development of the human genetic disorder Williams syndrome. Moreover, LIMK1 up-regulates the promoter activity of urokinase type plasminogen activator and induces its mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer cells. The LIM domains have been shown to play an important role in regulating kinase activity and likely also contribute to LIMK function by acting as sites of protein-to-protein interactions. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASlHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09462   22 CASCGQSIYDGQYLQALNSDWHADCFRCCECGASLSHWYYEK-DGRLFCKKDY 73

The first LIM domain of Ajuba-like proteins; The first LIM domain of Ajuba-like proteins: Ajuba like LIM protein family includes three highly homologous proteins Ajuba, Limd1, and WTIP. Members of the family contain three tandem C-terminal LIM domains and a proline-rich N-terminal region. This family of proteins functions as scaffolds, participating in the assembly of numerous protein complexes. In the cytoplasm, Ajuba binds Grb2 to modulate serum-stimulated ERK activation. Ajuba also recruits the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to p62 and activates PKCKappa activity. Ajuba interacts with alpha-catenin and F-actin to contribute to the formation or stabilization of adheren junctions by linking adhesive receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. Although Ajuba is a cytoplasmic protein, it can shuttle into the nucleus. In nucleus, Ajuba functions as a corepressor for the zinc finger-protein Snail. It binds to the SNAG repression domain of Snail through its LIM region. Arginine methyltransferase-5 (Prmt5), a protein in the complex, is recruited to Snai l through an interaction with Ajuba. This ternary complex functions to repress E-cadherin, a Snail target gene. In addition, Ajuba contains functional nuclear-receptor interacting motifs and selectively interacts with retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and rexinoid receptor (RXRs) to negatively regulate retinoic acid signaling. Wtip, the Wt1-interacting protein, was originally identified as an interaction partner of the Wilms tumour protein 1 (WT1). Wtip is involved in kidney and neural crest development. Wtip interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 and inhibits canonical Wnt signaling. LIMD1 was reported to inhibit cell growth and metastases. The inhibition may be mediated through an interaction with the protein barrier-to-autointegration (BAF), a component of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling protein; or through the interaction with retinoblastoma protein (pRB), resulting in inhibition of E2F-mediated transcription, and expression of the majority of genes with E2F1- responsive elements. Recently, Limd1 was shown to interact with the p62/sequestosome protein and influence IL-1 and RANKL signaling by facilitating the assembly of a p62/TRAF6/a-PKC multi-protein complex. The Limd1-p62 interaction affects both NF-kappaB and AP-1 activity in epithelial cells and osteoclasts. Moreover, LIMD1 functions as tumor repressor to block lung tumor cell line in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies revealed that LIM proteins Wtip, LIMD1 and Ajuba interact with components of RNA induced silencing complexes (RISC) as well as eIF4E and the mRNA m7GTP cap-protein complex and are required for microRNA-mediated gene silencing. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLL-ANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09352    1 CVKCGKGVYGASQACqAMGNLYHTNCFTCCSCGRTLRGKAFYNVNGKVYCEEDY 54

The second LIM domain of Lhx1 (also known as Lim1) and Lhx5; The second LIM domain of Lhx1 (also known as Lim1) and Lhx5. Lhx1 and Lhx5 are closely related members of LHX protein family, which features two tandem N-terminal LIM domains and a C-terminal DNA binding homeodomain. Members of LHX family are found in the nucleus and act as transcription factors or cofactors. LHX proteins are critical for the development of specialized cells in multiple tissue types, including the nervous system, skeletal muscle, the heart, the kidneys, and endocrine organs, such as the pituitary gland and the pancreas. Lhx1 is required for regulating the vertebrate head organizer, the nervous system, and female reproductive tract development. During embryogenesis in the mouse, Lhx1 is expressed early in mesodermal tissue, then later during urogenital, kidney, liver, and nervous system development. In the adult, expression is restricted to the kidney and brain. A mouse embryos with Lhx1 gene knockout cannot grow normal anterior head structures, kidneys, and gonads, but with normally developed trunk and tail morphology. In the developing nervous system, Lhx1 is required to direct the trajectories of motor axons in the limb. Lhx1 null female mice lack the oviducts and uterus. Lhx5 protein may play complementary or overlapping roles with Lhx1. The expression of Lhx5 in the anterior portion of the mouse neural tube suggests a role in patterning of the forebrain. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 246 ANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGT--YASLHGRIYCK 280
Cdd:cd09375   17 ARDKVFHLNCFTCMVCRKQLSTGEelYILDENKFICK 53

The second LIM domain of LMO4 (LIM domain only protein 4); The second LIM domain of LMO4 (LIM domain only protein 4): LMO4 is a nuclear protein that plays important roles in transcriptional regulation and development. LMO4 is involved in various functions in tumorigenesis and cellular differentiation. LMO4 proteins regulate gene expression by interacting with a wide variety of transcription factors and cofactors to form large transcription complexes. It can interact with Smad proteins, and associate with the promoter of the PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) gene in a TGFbeta (transforming growth factor beta)-dependent manner. LMO4 can also form a complex with transcription regulator CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and interact with CLIM1 and CLIM2. In breast tissue, LMO4 interacts with multiple proteins, including the cofactor CtIP [CtBP (C-terminal binding protein)-interacting protein], the breast and ovarian tumor suppressor BRCA1 (breast-cancer susceptibility gene 1) and the LIM-domain-binding protein LDB1. Functionally, LMO4 is shown to repress BRCA1-mediated transcription activation, thus invoking a potential role for LMO4 as a negative regulator of BRCA1 in sporadic breast cancer. LMO4 also forms complex to both ERa (oestrogen receptor alpha), MTA1 (metastasis tumor antigen 1), and HDACs (histone deacetylases), implying that LMO4 is also a component of the MTA1 corepressor complex. Over-expressed LMO4 represses ERa transactivation functions in an HDAC-dependent manner, and contributes to the process of breast cancer progression by allowing the development of Era-negative phenotypes. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLL-ANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGT-YASLHGRIYC 279
Cdd:cd09387    1 CSACGQSIPASELVMrAQGNVYHLKCFTCSTCHNQLVPGDrFHYVNGSLFC 51

The first LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins; The first LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins: Three homologous members of the abLIM protein family have been identified; abLIM-1, abLIM-2 and abLIM-3. The N-terminal of abLIM consists of four tandem repeats of LIM domains and the C-terminal of acting binding LIM protein is a villin headpiece domain, which has strong actin binding activity. The abLIM-1, which is expressed in retina, brain, and muscle tissue, has been indicated to function as a tumor suppressor. AbLIM-2 and -3, mainly expressed in muscle and neuronal tissue, bind to F-actin strongly. They may serve as a scaffold for signaling modules of the actin cytoskeleton and thereby modulate transcription. It has shown that LIM domains of abLIMs interact with STARS (striated muscle activator of Rho signaling), which directly binds actin and stimulates serum-response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 229 ETCVE-CQKTVypmerLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09327    2 YKCGKkCKGEV-----LRVQDKYFHIKCFTCKVCGCDLAQGGFFVKEGEYYCTDDY 52

The second LIM domain of Lhx4; The second LIM domain of Lhx4. Lhx4 belongs to the LHX protein family, which features two tandem N-terminal LIM domains and a C-terminal DNA binding homeodomain. Members of LHX family are found in the nucleus and act as transcription factors or cofactors. LHX proteins are critical for the development of specialized cells in multiple tissue types, including the nervous system, skeletal muscle, the heart, the kidneys, and endocrine organs, such as the pituitary gland and the pancreas. LHX4 plays essential roles in pituitary gland and nervous system development. In mice, the lhx4 gene is expressed in the developing hindbrain, cerebral cortex, pituitary gland, and spinal cord. LHX4 shows significant sequence similarity to LHX3, particularly to isoforms Lhx3a. In gene regulation experiments, the LHX4 protein exhibits regulation roles towards pituitary genes, acting on their promoters/enhancers. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLANQQ-VFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGT--YASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09473    1 CTACQQGIPPTQVVRKAQDfVYHLHCFACIICSRQLATGDefYLMEDGRLVCKEDY 56

The second LIM domain of Lhx2; The second LIM domain of Lhx2: Lhx2 belongs to the LHX protein family, which features two tandem N-terminal LIM domains and a C-terminal DNA binding homeodomain. Members of LHX family are found in the nucleus and act as transcription factors or cofactors. LHX proteins are critical for the development of specialized cells in multiple tissue types, including the nervous system, skeletal muscle, the heart, the kidneys, and endocrine organs, such as the pituitary gland and the pancreas. In animals, Lhx2 plays important roles in eye, cerebral cortex, limb, the olfactory organs, and erythrocyte development. Lhx2 gene knockout mice exhibit impaired patterning of the cortical hem and the telencephalon of the developing brain, and a lack of development in olfactory structures. The Lhx2 protein has been shown to bind to the mouse M71 olfactory receptor promoter. Similar to other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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gi 165905591 229 ETCVECQKTVYPMERLL-ANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGR-IYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09474    3 QRCARCHLGISASEMVMrARDLVYHLNCFTCTTCNKMLTTGDHFGMKDNlVYCRLHF 59

The third LIM domain of an Enigma subfamily with unknown function; The third LIM domain of an Enigma subfamily with unknown function: The Enigma LIM domain family is comprised of three characterized members: Enigma, ENH, and Cypher (mouse)/ZASP (human). These subfamily members contain a single PDZ domain at the N-terminus and three LIM domains at the C-terminus. They serve as adaptor proteins, where the PDZ domain tethers the protein to the cytoskeleton and the LIM domains, recruit signaling proteins to implement corresponding functions. The members of the enigma family have been implicated in regulating or organizing cytoskeletal structure, as well as involving multiple signaling pathways. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQktvYPMER----LLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPH 282
Cdd:cd09461    1 CVSCG---FPIEAgdrwVEALNNNYHSQCFNCTRCNVNLEGQSFYAKGGRPFCKLH 53

The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 3 (FHL3); The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 3 (FHL3): FHL3 is highly expressed in the skeleton and cardiac muscles and possesses the transactivation and repression activities. FHL3 interacts with many transcription factors, such as CREB, BKLF/KLF3, CtBP2, MyoD, and MZF_1. Moreover, FHL3 interacts with alpha- and beta-subunits of the muscle alpha7beta1 integrin receptor. FHL3 was also proved to possess the auto-activation ability and was confirmed that the second zinc finger motif in fourth LIM domain was responsible for the auto-activation of FHL3. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLLA-NQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKP 281
Cdd:cd09427    4 CVACGKTVMPGSRKLEyEGQTWHEHCFICHGCEQPIGSRSFIPDKDEHYCVP 55

The second LIM domain of Lmx1a and Lmx1b; The second LIM domain of Lmx1a and Lmx1b: Lmx1a and Lmx1b belong to the LHX protein family, which features two tandem N-terminal LIM domains and a C-terminal DNA binding homeodomain. Members of LHX family are found in the nucleus and act as transcription factors or cofactors. LHX proteins are critical for the development of specialized cells in multiple tissue types, including the nervous system, skeletal muscle, the heart, the kidneys, and endocrine organs such as the pituitary gland and the pancreas. Mouse Lmx1a is expressed in multiple tissues, including the roof plate of the neural tube, the developing brain, the otic vesicles, the notochord, and the pancreas. In mouse, mutations in Lmx1a result in failure of the roof plate to develop. Lmx1a may act upstream of other roof plate markers such as MafB, Gdf7, Bmp6, and Bmp7. Further characterization of these mice reveals numerous defects including disorganized cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex; altered pigmentation; female sterility, skeletal defects, and behavioral abnormalities. In the mouse, Lmx1b functions in the developing limbs and eyes, the kidneys, the brain, and in cranial mesenchyme. The disruption of Lmx1b gene results kidney and limb defects. In the brain, Lmx1b is important for generation of mesencephalic dopamine neurons and the differentiation of serotonergic neurons. In the mouse eye, Lmx1b regulates anterior segment (cornea, iris, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, and lens) development. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLL-ANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASL-HGRIYCK 280
Cdd:cd09378    1 CSGCLEKIAPSELVMrALENVYHLRCFCCCVCERQLQKGDEFVLkEGQLLCK 52

The second LIM domain of Lhx3-Lhx4 family; The second LIM domain of Lhx3-Lhx4 family: Lhx3 and Lhx4 belong to the LHX protein family, which features two tandem N-terminal LIM domains and a C-terminal DNA binding homeodomain. Members of LHX family are found in the nucleus and act as transcription factors or cofactors. LHX proteins are critical for the development of specialized cells in multiple tissue types, including the nervous system, skeletal muscle, the heart, the kidneys, and endocrine organs, such as the pituitary gland and the pancreas. The LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain transcription factors play essential roles in pituitary gland and nervous system development. Although LHX3 and LHX4 share marked sequence homology, the genes have different expression patterns. They play overlapping, but distinct functions during the establishment of the specialized cells of the mammalian pituitary gland and the nervous system. Lhx3 proteins have been demonstrated the ability to directly bind to the promoters/enhancers of several pituitary hormone gene promoters to cause increased transcription.Lhx3a and Lhx3b, whose mRNAs have distinct temporal expression profiles during development, are two isoforms of Lhx3. LHX4 plays essential roles in pituitary gland and nervous system development. In mice, the lhx4 gene is expressed in the developing hindbrain, cerebral cortex, pituitary gland, and spinal cord. LHX4 shows significant sequence similarity to LHX3, particularly to isoforms Lhx3a. In gene regulation experiments, the LHX4 protein exhibits regulation roles towards pituitary genes, acting on their promoters/enhancers. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLL-ANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGT--YASLHGRIYCKP 281
Cdd:cd09376    1 CAGCDEGIPPTQVVRrAQDNVYHLECFACFMCKRQLETGDefYLMEDDRLVCKK 54

The second LIM domain of dLMO (Beaderx); The second LIM domain of dLMO (Beaderx): dLMO is a nuclear protein that plays important roles in transcriptional regulation and development. In Drosophila dLMO modulates the activity of LIM-homeodomain protein Apterous (Ap), which regulates the formation of the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila wing. Biochemical analysis shows that dLMO protein influences the activity of Apterous by binding of its cofactor Chip. Further studies shown that dLMO proteins might function in an evolutionarily conserved mechanism involved in patterning the appendages. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPMERLL-ANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLG 268
Cdd:cd09390    1 CAACSKTIPAFEMVMrARTNVYHLECFACQRCNHRFCVG 39

The first LIM domain of Enigma-like family; The first LIM domain of Enigma-like family: The Enigma LIM domain family is comprised of three members: Enigma, ENH, and Cypher (mouse)/ZASP (human). These subfamily members contain a single PDZ domain at the N-terminus and three LIM domains at the C-terminus. Enigma was initially characterized in humans and is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone, and brain. The third LIM domain specifically interacts with the insulin receptor and the second LIM domain interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and the adaptor protein APS. Thus Enigma is implicated in signal transduction processes, such as mitogenic activity, insulin related actin organization, and glucose metabolism. The second member, ENH protein, was first identified in rat brain. It has been shown that ENH interacts with protein kinase D1 (PKD1) via its LIM domains and forms a complex with PKD1 and the alpha1C subunit of cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The N-terminal PDZ domain interacts with alpha-actinin at the Z-line. ZASP/Cypher is required for maintenance of Z-line structure during muscle contraction, but not required for Z-line assembly. In heart, Cypher/ZASP plays a structural role through its interaction with cytoskeletal Z-line proteins. In addition, there is increasing evidence that Cypher/ZASP also performs signaling functions. Studies reveal that Cypher/ZASP interacts with and directs PKC to the Z-line, where PKC phosphorylates downstream signaling targets. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 244 LLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09361   13 LVALGRSWHPEEFTCSHCHCSLAEIGFVEEKGSLYCELCY 52

The second LIM domain of the Enigma Homolog (ENH) family; The second LIM domain of the Enigma Homolog (ENH) family: ENH was initially identified in rat brain. Same as enigma, it contains three LIM domains at the C-terminus and a PDZ domain at N-terminus. ENH is implicated in signal transduction processes involving protein kinases. It has also been shown that ENH interacts with protein kinase D1 (PKD1) via its LIM domains and forms a complex with PKD1 and the alpha1C subunit of cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The N-terminal PDZ domain interacts with alpha-actinin at the Z-line. ENH is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone, and brain. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPmERLLANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09457    1 CGRCQRKILG-EVINALKQTWHVSCFVCVACHNPIRNNVFHLEDGEPYCETDY 52

The fourth LIM domain of Leupaxin; The fourth LIM domain of Leupaxin: Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. Leupaxin belongs to the paxillin focal adhesion protein family. Same as other members of the family, it has four leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminus and four LIM domains in the C-terminus. It may function in cell type-specific signaling by associating with interaction partners PYK2, FAK, PEP and p95PKL. When expressed in human leukocytic cells, leupaxin significantly suppressed integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin and the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin. These findings indicate that leupaxin may negatively regulate the functions of paxillin during integrin signaling. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 165905591 231 CVECQKTVYPmeRLL-ANQQVFHISCFRCSYCNNKLSLGTYASLHGRIYCKPHF 283
Cdd:cd09412    1 CGSCGLPITG--RCIsALGRKFHPEHFVCAFCLRPLTQGSFKEQSGKPYCSTCF 52