Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia) oncogene in leukaemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRTDTTGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPIILSMVPPERFNKGCYICETQGRESKSKIGACMNCNKQG 144
Cdd:cd15672     1 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVATMEPIILQDVPQDRFNKTCYICEEQGRESKASTGACMQCNKSG 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 321479459  145 CKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCEEAGNYMDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15672    81 CKQSFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEAGNYSDNVKYCGYCSYH 116

PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 321479459    7 GCCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGGGCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15574     1 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia) oncogene in leukaemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRTDTTGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPIILSMVPPERFNKGCYICETQGRESKSKIGACMNCNKQG 144
Cdd:cd15672     1 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVATMEPIILQDVPQDRFNKTCYICEEQGRESKASTGACMQCNKSG 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 321479459  145 CKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCEEAGNYMDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15672    81 CKQSFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEAGNYSDNVKYCGYCSYH 116

PHD zinc finger-containing protein [General function prediction only];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459    3 EMVGGCCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKCESQERAAKVrCELCPSKDGALKRTDTTG 82
Cdd:COG5141   191 EFDDICTKCTSTHNENSNAIVFCDG--CEICVHQSCYGIQFLPEGFWLCRKCIYGEYQIRC-CSFCPSSDGAFKQTSDGR 267

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   83 WAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPI-ILSMVPPERFNKGCYICetqgresKSKIGACMNCNKQGCKLHFHVTCAQAQGL-- 159
Cdd:COG5141   268 WGHVICAMFNPELSFGHLLSKDPIdNIASVSSSRWKLGCLIC-------KEFGGTCIQCSYFNCTRAYHVTCARRAGYfd 340

                         170       180
                  ....*....|....*....|...
gi 321479459  160 LCEEAGN-YMDNVKYCGYCPHHY 181
Cdd:COG5141   341 LNIYSHNgISYCIDHEPLCRKHY 363

PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 321479459    7 GCCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGGGCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15574     1 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459      8 CCVCSDDRGWTEnpLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGI---VTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:smart00249    2 CSVCGKPDDGGE--LLQCDG--CDRWYHQTCLGPpllEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia) oncogene in leukaemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRTDTTGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPIILSMVPPERFNKGCYICETQGRESKSKIGACMNCNKQG 144
Cdd:cd15672     1 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVATMEPIILQDVPQDRFNKTCYICEEQGRESKASTGACMQCNKSG 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 321479459  145 CKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCEEAGNYMDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15672    81 CKQSFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEAGNYSDNVKYCGYCSYH 116

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-17 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-17. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as a translocation partner of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. AF-17 contains an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   61 AKVRCELCPSKDGALKRTDTTGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPIILSMVPPERFNKGCYICETQGRESKSKIGACMNC 140
Cdd:cd15709     1 ARVRCELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIVLQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEEQGRESKAASGACMTC 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 321479459  141 NKQGCKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCEEAGNYMDNVKYCGYCPHHYGKLK 185
Cdd:cd15709    81 NRHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEVLEVDNVKYCGYCKYHFNKMK 125

PHD zinc finger-containing protein [General function prediction only];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459    3 EMVGGCCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKCESQERAAKVrCELCPSKDGALKRTDTTG 82
Cdd:COG5141   191 EFDDICTKCTSTHNENSNAIVFCDG--CEICVHQSCYGIQFLPEGFWLCRKCIYGEYQIRC-CSFCPSSDGAFKQTSDGR 267

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   83 WAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPI-ILSMVPPERFNKGCYICetqgresKSKIGACMNCNKQGCKLHFHVTCAQAQGL-- 159
Cdd:COG5141   268 WGHVICAMFNPELSFGHLLSKDPIdNIASVSSSRWKLGCLIC-------KEFGGTCIQCSYFNCTRAYHVTCARRAGYfd 340

                         170       180
                  ....*....|....*....|...
gi 321479459  160 LCEEAGN-YMDNVKYCGYCPHHY 181
Cdd:COG5141   341 LNIYSHNgISYCIDHEPLCRKHY 363

coiled coil domain of ALL1-Fused gene from chromosome 10 protein (AF10) and similar proteins; This family includes AF10 (ALL1-Fused gene from chromosome 10 protein) which is one of mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1)-fusion partners that function in acute myeloid leukemia (ALL). Aberration of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene is implicated in acute leukemia; chromosomal translocations of MLL1 generate oncogenic chimeric proteins, containing the non-catalytic N-terminal portion of MLL1 fused with many partners such as AF10. The MLL-AF10 fusion oncoprotein recruits DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric-silencing 1-like) to the homeobox A. The aberrant recruitment of DOT1L, a histone methyltransferase that methylates H3 lysine residues (H3K79), by MLL fusions and the resulting H3K79 methylation are thought to affect gene expression by altering chromatin accessibility. AF10 and DOT1L interact through their coiled coil domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 321479459  739 SLEQLLERQWEQGSQFLMEQAQHFDIASLLSCLHNLKEENMRLEDHVANLHRRRDHLLAVNARL 802
Cdd:cd20901     1 SIEQLLERQWSQGQQFLLEQASQFDVASLLSCLHQLRSENRRLESSISNLQSRRDHLLALNARL 64

PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 321479459    7 GCCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGGGCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15574     1 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-1, Jade-2, Jade-3 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-1 (PHF17), Jade-2 (PHF15), and Jade-3 (PHF16); each of these proteins is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, has reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. This family also contains Drosophila melanogaster PHD finger protein rhinoceros (RNO). It is a novel plant homeodomain (PHD)-containing nuclear protein that may function as a transcription factor that antagonizes Ras signaling by regulating transcription of key EGFR/Ras pathway regulators in the Drosophila eye. All Jade proteins contain a canonical PHD finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRT-DTTGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPII-LSMVPPERFNKGCYICetqgresKSKIGACMNCNK 142
Cdd:cd15671     1 CVLCPKKGGAMKSTkSGTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGCPEKMEPITkISHIPMSRWALVCVLC-------KEKTGACIQCSV 73

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 321479459  143 QGCKLHFHVTCAQAQGL-LCEEAGNYMDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15671    74 KSCKTAFHVTCAFQHGLeMKTILEDEDDEVKFKSYCPKH 112

Extended PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 2 (BRPF2) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of BRPF2. BRPF2 also termed bromodomain-containing protein 1 (BRD1), or BR140-likeprotein, is encoded by BRL (BR140 Like gene). It is responsible for the bulk of the acetylation of H3K14 and forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with HBO1 and ING4. The complex is required for full transcriptional activation of the erythroid-specific regulator genes essential for terminal differentiation and survival of erythroblasts in fetal liver. BRPF2 shows widespread expression and localizes to the nucleus within spermatocytes. It contains a cysteine rich region harboring a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRTDTTGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPII-LSMVPPERFNKGCYICETQGreskskIGACMNCNKQ 143
Cdd:cd15702     1 CVLCPNKGGAFKKTDDDRWGHVVCALWIPEVGFANTVFIEPIDgVRNIPPARWKLTCYLCKQKG------VGACIQCHKA 74

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 321479459  144 GCKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCE-------EAGNYMDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15702    75 NCYTAFHVTCAQKAGLYMKmepvkevTGGGTTFSVRKTAYCDAH 118

PHD-like zinc-binding domain; The members of this family are annotated as containing PHD domain, but the zinc-binding region here is not typical of PHD domains. The conformation here is a well-conserved cysteine-histidine rich region spanning 90 residues, where the Cys and His are arranged as HxxC(31)CxxC(6)CxxCxxxxCxxxxHxxC (21)CxxH.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459    85 HVVCALYIPEVRF-GNVSTMEPII-LSMVPPERFNKGCYICetqgresKSKIGACMNCNKQGCKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCE 162
Cdd:pfam13771    1 HVVCALWSPELVQrGNDSMGFPIEdIEKIPKRRWKLKCYLC-------KKKGGACIQCSKKNCRRAFHVTCALEAGLLMQ 73

                           90
                   ....*....|....*...
gi 321479459   163 EAGnymDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:pfam13771   74 FDE---DNGTFKSYCKKH 88

Extended PHD finger found in Drosophila melanogaster PHD finger protein rhinoceros (RNO) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Drosophila melanogaster RNO. RNO is a novel plant homeodomain (PHD)-containing nuclear protein that may function as a transcription factor that antagonizes Ras signaling by regulating the transcription of key EGFR/Ras pathway regulators in the Drosophila eye. RNO contains a canonical PHD domain followed by this non-canonical ePHD domain, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRTDT-TGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPII-LSMVPPERFNKGCYICetqgresKSKIGACMNCNK 142
Cdd:cd15707     1 CILCPNKGGAMKSTRSgTKWAHVSCALWIPEVSIGCVEKMEPITkISSIPASRWALICVLC-------RERTGACIQCSV 73

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 321479459  143 QGCKLHFHVTCAQAQGL----LCEEAGNymDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15707    74 KTCKTAYHVTCGFQHGLemktILDEESE--DGVKLRSYCQKH 113

Extended PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2C (JMJD2C); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2C. JMJD2C, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C), or gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 protein (GASC-1 protein), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3C (JHDM3C), is an epigenetic factor that catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36, and may be involved in the development and/or progression of various types of cancer including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) and breast cancer. It selectively interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) and plays a role in breast cancer progression. Moreover, JMJD2C may play an important role in the treatment of obesity and its complications by modulating the regulation of adipogenesis by nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). JMJD2C contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRTDTTGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPIILSMVPPERFNKGCYICETQgreSKSKIGACMNCNKQG 144
Cdd:cd15715     1 CCLCNLRGGALKQTSDDKWAHVMCAVALPEVRFINVVERTPIDISRIPLQRLKLKCIFCRNR---IKRVSGACIQCSYGR 77

                          90
                  ....*....|....*...
gi 321479459  145 CKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCE 162
Cdd:cd15715    78 CPASFHVTCAHAAGVLME 95

Extended PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2B. JMJD2B, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the trimethyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRTDTTGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPIILSMVPPERFNKGCYICEtqgRESKSKIGACMNCNKQG 144
Cdd:cd15714     1 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDERWVHVICAIAVPEARFLNVIERHPVDVSAIPEQRWKLKCVYCR---KRMKKVSGACIQCSYDH 77

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459  145 CKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCEEA 164
Cdd:cd15714    78 CSTSFHVTCAHAAGVVMEPD 97

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-1 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-1. Jade-1, also termed PHD finger protein 17 (PHF17), is a novel binding partner of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor Pvhl, a key regulator of cellular oxygen sensing pathway. It is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules. Jade-1 functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. It may be involved in the Serine/threonine kinase AKT/AKT1 pathway during renal cancer pathogenesis and normally prevents renal epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. It also acts as a pro-apoptotic and growth suppressive ubiquitin ligase to inhibit canonical Wnt downstream effector beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation and ASA transcription factor associated with histone acetyltransferase activity and with increased abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Moreover, Jade-1 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex, and plays a role in epithelial cell regeneration. It has also been identified as a novel component of the nephrocystin protein (NPHP) complex and interacts with the ciliary protein nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4). Jade-1 contains a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   64 RCELCPSKDGALKRTDT-TGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPII-LSMVPPERFNKGCYICetqgresKSKIGACMNCN 141
Cdd:cd15704     3 KCLLCPKKGGAMKPTRSgTKWVHVSCALWIPEVSIGSPEKMEPITkVSHIPSSRWALVCSLC-------NEKVGASIQCS 75

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 321479459  142 KQGCKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLCEEAGNYMDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15704    76 VKNCRTAFHVTCAFDRGLEMKTILAENDEVKFKSYCPKH 114

Extended PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana ATX3, -4, -5, and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of A. thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like proteins ATX3 (also termed protein SET domain group 14, or trithorax-homolog protein 3), ATX4 (also termed protein SET domain group 16, or trithorax-homolog protein 4) and ATX5 (also termed protein SET domain group 29, or trithorax-homolog protein 5), which belong to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. These proteins show distinct phylogenetic origins from the family of ATX1 and ATX2. They are multi-domain proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical extended PHD finger, and a C-terminal SET domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   65 CELCPSKDGALKRTDTTG-WAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPII-LSMVPPERFNKGCYICetqgresKSKIGACMNCNK 142
Cdd:cd15663     1 CCLCPVKGGALKPTDVEGlWVHVTCAWFRPEVCFKNEEKMEPAVgLLRIPLSTFLKACVIC-------KQIHGSCTQCCK 73

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 321479459  143 qgCKLHFHVTCAQAQG----LLCEEAgNYMDNVKYCGYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15663    74 --CATYFHAMCASRAGyhmeLHCLEK-NGVQITRMVSYCSFH 112

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX3, ATX4, ATX5, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX3 (also termed protein SET domain group 14, or trithorax-homolog protein 3), ATX4 (also termed protein SET domain group 16, or trithorax-homolog protein 4) and ATX5 (also termed protein SET domain group 29, or trithorax-homolog protein 5), which belong to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. They show distinct phylogenetic origins from the ATX1 and ATX2 family. They are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDggGCTVAVHQACYGIVTV-PSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15495     2 CAVCNEGEDDDNNPLITCN--RCQISVHQKCYGIREVdPDGSWVCRAC 47

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing (BRPF) proteins; The family of BRPF proteins includes BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2, and BRPF3. They are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15572     4 CCICLDGECQNSNVILFCDM--CNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRRC 48

PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15680     2 CDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDK--CNVCVHQACYGILKVPTGSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in protein Jade-1 and similar proteins; Jade-1, also termed PHD finger protein 17 (PHF17), is a novel binding partner of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor Pvhl, a key regulator of the cellular oxygen sensing pathway. It is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules. Jade-1 functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. It may be involved in the serine/threonine kinase AKT/AKT1 pathway during renal cancer pathogenesis and normally prevents renal epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. It also acts as a pro-apoptotic and growth suppressive ubiquitin ligase to inhibit canonical Wnt downstream effector beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation, and as a transcription factor associated with histone acetyltransferase activity and with increased abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Moreover, Jade-1 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex, and plays a role in epithelial cell regeneration. It has also been identified as a novel component of the nephrocystin protein (NPHP) complex and interacts with the ciliary protein nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4). Jade-1 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15679     2 CDVCQSPDGEDGNEMVFCDK--CNICVHQACYGILKVPEGSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) and similar proteins; BRPF1, also termed peregrin or protein Br140, is a multi-domain protein that binds histones, mediates monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)-dependent histone acetylation, and is required for Hox gene expression and segmental identity. It is a close partner of the MOZ histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex and a novel Trithorax group (TrxG) member with a central role during development. BRPF1 is primarily a nuclear protein that has a broad tissue distribution and is abundant in testes and spermatogonia. It contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. BRPF1 may be involved in chromatin remodeling. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC-ESQERA 60
Cdd:cd15676    10 CCICNDGECQNSNVILFCDM--CNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRRClQSPSRA 61

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 321479459     8 CCVCSddRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGI----VTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:pfam00628    2 CAVCG--KSDDGGELVQCDG--CDDWFHLACLGPpldpAEIPSGEWLCPEC 48

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers. The model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDggGCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPS----------GPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15561     2 CCVCLGDRSNDADEIIECD--KCGISVHEGCYGVIDESDssssasssstEPWFCEPC 56

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459      8 CCVCSDDRGWTEnpLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGI---VTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:smart00249    2 CSVCGKPDDGGE--LLQCDG--CDRWYHQTCLGPpllEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD finger 1 found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins MTF2, PHF19, and similar proteins; The family includes two PCL family proteins, metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are homologs of PHD finger protein1 (PHF1). PCL family proteins are accessory components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex and all contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. They specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD finger-containing proteins, the first PHD fingers of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the Tudor domain binding to histones. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYG--IVTVP---SGPWFCRKCE 55
Cdd:cd15499     2 CSICGGAEARDGNEILICDK--CDKGYHQLCHSpkVRTSPlegDEKWFCSRCV 52

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX1, ATX2, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX1 and ATX2, both of which are sister paralogs originating from a segmental chromosomal duplication. They are plant counterparts of the Drosophila melanogaster trithorax (TRX) and mammalian mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) proteins. ATX1, also termed protein SET domain group 27, or trithorax-homolog protein 1 (TRX-homolog protein 1), is a methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It also acts as a histone modifier and as a positive effector of gene expression. ATX1regulates transcription from diverse classes of genes implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. It is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. ATX2, also termed protein SET domain group 30, or trithorax-homolog protein 2 (TRX-homolog protein 2), is involved in dimethylating histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). Both ATX1 and ATX2 are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, FYRN- and FYRC (DAST, domain associated with SET in trithorax) domains, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGP-WFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15494     2 CSVCGEDEEYEDNLLLQCDK--CRMMVHMRCYGVLEPPPGAlWLCNLC 47

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 19 (PHF19); PHF19, also termed Polycomb-like protein 3 (PCL3), is a component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF19 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. It binds trimethylated histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36me3) through its Tudor domain and recruits the PRC2 complex and the H3K36me3 demethylase NO66 to embryonic stem cell genes during differentiation. Moreover, PHF19 and its upstream regulator, Akt, play roles in the phenotype switch of melanoma cells from proliferative to invasive states. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCdgGGCTVAVHQACYgIVTVPSG------PWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15579     2 CNVCLGKSSGPLNEILIC--GKCGLGYHQQCH-IPVVDSSddppltPWFCRRC 51

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 10 (PHF10) and similar proteins; PHF10, also termed BRG1-associated factor 45a (BAF45a), or XAP135, is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator that is required for maintaining the undifferentiated status of neuroblasts. It contains a SAY (supporter of activation of yellow) domain and two adjacent plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 321479459    8 CCVCSDDRgwTENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15529     2 CTKCGDPH--DEDKMMFCDQ--CDRGYHTFCVGLRSIPDGRWICPLC 44

PHD finger 2 found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SANT domain-containing protein 2 (Snt2p) and similar proteins; This group corresponds to Snt2p and similar proteins. Snt2p is a yeast protein that may function in multiple stress pathways. It coordinates the transcriptional response to hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress through interaction with Ecm5 and the Rpd3 deacetylase. Snt2p contains a bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain, two canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a SANT (SWI3, ADA2, N-CoR and TFIIIB) DNA-binding domain; this model corresponds to the second canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 321479459    7 GCCVCSDDRGWTENPLVYCdgGGCTVAVHQACYGIVT---------VPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15498     1 KCSVCSEQFASNFNTSLSC--YNCGLNVHASCYGITVpgkmnkvknLKSYKWLCDPC 55

PHD finger 1 found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lid2 complex component Lid2p and similar proteins; Lid2p is a trimethyl H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase responsible for H3K4 hypomethylation in heterochromatin. It interacts with the histone lysine-9 methyltransferase, Clr4, through the Dos1/Clr8-Rik1 complex, and mediates H3K9 methylation and small RNA production. It also acts cooperatively with the histone modification enzymes Set1 and Lsd1 and plays an essential role in cross-talk between H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in euchromatin. Lid2p contains a JmjC domain, three PHD fingers and a JmjN domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459    7 GCCVCSDDRGwtENPLVYCDGggCTVAVHQACYG--IVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15519     1 GCEVCGLDDN--EGEVLLCDG--CDAEYHTSCLDppLGEIPPGTWFCPSC 46

PHD finger found in inhibitor of growth protein 4 (ING4) and 5 (ING5); ING4, also termed p29ING4, and ING5, also termed p28ING5, belong to the inhibitor of growth (ING) family of type II tumor suppressors. ING4 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to induce ubiquitination of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and inhibit the transactivation of NF-kappaB target genes. It also induces apoptosis through a p53 dependent pathway, including increasing p53 acetylation, inhibiting Mdm2-mediated degradation of p53 and enhancing the expression of p53 responsive genes both at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Moreover, ING4 can inhibit the translation of proto-oncogene MYC by interacting with AUF1. It also regulates other transcription factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). ING5 is a Tip60 cofactor that acetylates p53 at K120 and subsequently activates the expression of p53-dependent apoptotic genes in response to DNA damage. Aberrant ING5 expression may contribute to pathogenesis, growth, and invasion of gastric carcinomas and colorectal cancer. ING5 can physically interact with p300 and p53 in vivo, and its overexpression induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. It also associates with cyclin A1 (INCA1) and functions as a growth suppressor with suppressed expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Moreover, ING5 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm might be a critical event for carcinogenesis and tumor progression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Both ING4 and ING5 contain an N-terminal ING histone-binding domain and a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. They associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes containing MOZ (monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein)/MORF (MOZ-related factor) and HBO1, and further direct the MOZ/MORF and HBO1 complexes to chromatin.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 321479459   22 LVYCDGGGCTVA-VHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15586    12 MIGCDNPDCPIEwFHFACVGLTTKPKGKWFCPRC 45

Extended PHD finger found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of KMT2A. KMT2A also termed ALL-1, or CXXC-type zinc finger protein 7, or myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 1 (MLL1), or trithorax-like protein (Htrx), or zinc finger protein HRX, is a histone methyltransferase that belongs to the MLL subfamily of H3K4-specific histone lysine methyltransferases (KMT2). It regulates chromatin-mediated transcription through the catalysis of methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), and is frequently rearranged in acute leukemia. KMT2A functions as the catalytic subunit in the MLL1 complex, which also contains WDR5, RbBP5, ASH2L and DPY30 as integral core subunits required for the efficient methylation activity of the complex. The MLL1 complex is highly active and specific for H3K4methylation. KMT2A contains a CxxC (x for any residue) zinc finger domain, three PHD fingers, a Bromodomain domain, this extended PHD finger, two FY (phenylalanine tyrosine)-rich domains, and a SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax) domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 321479459   83 WAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVSTMEPIILSMVPPERFNkgCYICEtqgresksKIGACMNCNKQGCKLHFHVTCAQAQGLLce 162
Cdd:cd15693    28 WTHVNCALWSAEVFEDDDGSLKNVHMAVIRGKQLR--CEFCQ--------KPGATVGCCLTSCTSNYHFMCSRAKNCV-- 95

                          90
                  ....*....|....*...
gi 321479459  163 eagnYMDNVKYcgYCPHH 180
Cdd:cd15693    96 ----FLEDKKV--YCQRH 107

PHD finger found in inhibitor of growth protein 4 (ING4); ING4, also termed p29ING4, is one member of the inhibitor of growth (ING) family of type II tumor suppressors. It acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to induce ubiquitination of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and inhibit the transactivation of NF-kappaB target genes. It also induces apoptosis through a p53 dependent pathway, including increasing p53 acetylation, inhibiting Mdm2-mediated degradation of p53 and enhancing the expression of p53 responsive genes both at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Moreover, ING4 can inhibit the translation of proto-oncogene MYC by interacting with AUF1. It also regulates other transcription factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In addition, ING4 associates with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes containing MOZ (monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein)/MORF (MOZ-related factor) and HBO1, and further directs the MOZ/MORF and HBO1 complexes to chromatin. ING4 contains an N-terminal ING histone-binding domain and a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

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gi 321479459   22 LVYCDGGGCTVA-VHQACYGIVTVPSGPWFCRKC 54
Cdd:cd15684    13 MIGCDNPDCSIEwFHFACVGLTTKPRGKWFCPRC 46