Caspase activation and recruitment domain found in Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing proteins, BIRC2 (c-IAP1) and BIRC3 (c-IAP2)
Caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) similar to those found in Baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR)-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) or cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1 (c-IAP1), and BIRC3 (or c-IAP2). IAPs are anti-apoptotic proteins that contain at least one BIR domain. Most IAPs also contain a C-terminal RING domain. In addition, both BIRC2 and BIRC3 contain a CARD. BIRC2 and BIRC3, through their binding with TRAF (TNF receptor-associated factor) 2, are recruited to TNFR-1/2 signaling complexes, where they regulate caspase-8 activity. They also play important roles in pro-survival NF-kB signaling pathways. In general, CARDs are death domains (DDs) found associated with caspases. They are known to be important in the signaling pathways for apoptosis, inflammation and host-defense mechanisms. DDs are protein-protein interaction domains found in a variety of domain architectures. Their common feature is that they form homodimers by self-association or heterodimers by associating with other members of the DD superfamily including PYRIN and DED (Death Effector Domain). They serve as adaptors in signaling pathways and can recruit other proteins into signaling complexes.
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",