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    IL34 interleukin 34 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 146433, updated on 31-Mar-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    IL34provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interleukin 34provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:28529
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000157368 MIM:612081; AllianceGenome:HGNC:28529
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IL-34; C16orf77
    Summary
    Interleukin-34 is a cytokine that promotes the differentiation and viability of monocytes and macrophages through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R; MIM 164770) (Lin et al., 2008 [PubMed 18467591]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in spleen (RPKM 59.9), skin (RPKM 16.8) and 5 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    16q22.1
    Exon count:
    12
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (70579899..70660682)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (76391088..76471868)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (70613802..70694585)

    Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 111B Neighboring gene splicing factor 3b subunit 3 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 111 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11067 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70613305-70613810 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70613811-70614316 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70655383-70655930 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70655931-70656478 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70683694-70684194 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70721484-70721990 Neighboring gene MTSS I-BAR domain containing 2 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70726089-70726916 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70726917-70727742 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70727743-70728568 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70728569-70729394 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70729395-70730221 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70731048-70731874 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70731875-70732699 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70736831-70737596 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70737597-70738364 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70738365-70739130 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70739131-70739896 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70748263-70748982 Neighboring gene VAC14 component of PIKFYVE complex Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70750423-70751140 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 12359 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11068 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70771856-70772386 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70774210-70775017 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70779970-70780470 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70780471-70780971 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70781216-70781850 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70784627-70785306 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70788515-70789155 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:70789156-70789796 Neighboring gene VAC14 antisense RNA 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Interleukin-34 permits Porphyromonas gingivalis survival and NF-κB p65 inhibition in macrophages. Almarghlani A, et al. Mol Oral Microbiol, 2022 Jun. PMID 35576119, Free PMC Article
    2. Interleukin-34 Mediates Cross-Talk Between Stromal Cells and Immune Cells in the Gut. Monteleone G, et al. Front Immunol, 2022. PMID 35529879, Free PMC Article
    3. IL-34 and coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus. Liu H, et al. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 2021 Dec 28. PMID 35232912, Free PMC Article
    4. IL-34 was high in serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and may function as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Cai H, et al. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2022 Apr. PMID 35199410
    5. IL-34 in hepatoblastoma cells potentially promote tumor progression via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Irie T, et al. Cancer Med, 2022 Mar. PMID 35132816, Free PMC Article

    See all (80) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. SAMHD1 dysfunction induces IL-34 expression via NF-kappaB p65 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells.
      Title: SAMHD1 dysfunction induces IL-34 expression via NF-κB p65 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells.
    2. Longitudinal associations between serum IL-34 with severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia patients.
      Title: Longitudinal associations between serum IL-34 with severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia patients.
    3. Elevated serum IL-34 is correlated with disease severity in patients with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy.
      Title: Elevated serum IL-34 is correlated with disease severity in patients with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy.
    4. Cut-off value for interleukin-34 as an additional potential inflammatory biomarker for estimation of slow coronary flow risk.
      Title: Cut-off value for interleukin-34 as an additional potential inflammatory biomarker for estimation of slow coronary flow risk.
    5. Elevated circulating levels of IL-34 are strongly associated with osteoporosis.
      Title: Elevated circulating levels of IL-34 are strongly associated with osteoporosis.
    6. Interleukin-34-NF-kappaB signaling aggravates myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury by facilitating macrophage recruitment and polarization.
      Title: Interleukin-34-NF-κB signaling aggravates myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury by facilitating macrophage recruitment and polarization.
    7. A mechanism of IL-34-induced resistance against cytotoxic anti-cancer therapies such as radiation by X-ray and chemotherapy by Oxaliplatin.
      Title: A mechanism of IL-34-induced resistance against cytotoxic anti-cancer therapies such as radiation by X-ray and chemotherapy by Oxaliplatin.
    8. BMP-2 Genome-Edited Human MSCs Protect against Cartilage Degeneration via Suppression of IL-34 in Collagen-Induced Arthritis.
      Title: BMP-2 Genome-Edited Human MSCs Protect against Cartilage Degeneration via Suppression of IL-34 in Collagen-Induced Arthritis.
    9. Emerging roles of IL-34 in neurodegenerative and neurological infectious disease.
      Title: Emerging roles of IL-34 in neurodegenerative and neurological infectious disease.
    10. Sp1 Controls the Basal Level of Interleukin-34 Transcription.
      Title: Sp1 Controls the Basal Level of Interleukin-34 Transcription.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (81)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC34647

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cytokine activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in inflammatory response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in innate immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in interleukin-34-mediated signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in microglial cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of MAP kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage differentiation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of positive regulation of macrophage proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of monocyte differentiation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of monocyte differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    interleukin-34

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001172771.2 → NP_001166242.1  interleukin-34 isoform 2 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001166242.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK172744, AW292500, BQ709387, CD515627, EU599219
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q6ZMJ4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:28 → 183
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    2. NM_001172772.2 → NP_001166243.1  interleukin-34 isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001166243.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC020763, AK172744, AW292500, CD248375
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10895.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:28 → 184
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    3. NM_001393493.1 → NP_001380422.1  interleukin-34 isoform 1 precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC020763, AC106804
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10895.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:28 → 184
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    4. NM_001393494.1 → NP_001380423.1  interleukin-34 isoform 1 precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC020763
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10895.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
      Related
      ENSP00000288098.2, ENST00000288098.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:28 → 184
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    5. NM_001393495.1 → NP_001380424.1  interleukin-34 isoform 2 precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC020763, AC106804
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:28 → 183
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    6. NM_001393496.1 → NP_001380425.1  interleukin-34 isoform 2 precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC020763
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:28 → 183
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    7. NM_001393497.1 → NP_001380426.1  interleukin-34 isoform 3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC020763
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS92192.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      J3QQT3
      Related
      ENSP00000463886.1, ENST00000566361.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:3 → 159
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    8. NM_001393498.1 → NP_001380427.1  interleukin-34 isoform 4

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC020763
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:3 → 158
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    9. NM_152456.3 → NP_689669.2  interleukin-34 isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_689669.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK172744, AW292500, BQ709387
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10895.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
      Related
      ENSP00000397863.2, ENST00000429149.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15036
      Location:28 → 184
      IL34; Interleukin 34

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      70579899..70660682
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047433649.1 → XP_047289605.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    2. XM_047433650.1 → XP_047289606.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    3. XM_047433648.1 → XP_047289604.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    4. XM_047433651.1 → XP_047289607.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      76391088..76471868
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054379671.1 → XP_054235646.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    2. XM_054379672.1 → XP_054235647.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    3. XM_054379668.1 → XP_054235643.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    4. XM_054379673.1 → XP_054235648.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    5. XM_054379669.1 → XP_054235644.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2

    6. XM_054379674.1 → XP_054235649.1  interleukin-34 isoform X2

    7. XM_054379670.1 → XP_054235645.1  interleukin-34 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC28, B2Z4A8, B2ZC70, Q6ZMJ4, Q8N6L2
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q6ZMJ4.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q6ZMJ4

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