Abstract
Increased intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ levels can activate transcription of a number of eukaryotic genes through a common promoter element, the cAMP/Ca2+ response element. This element is the binding site for activating transcription factor (ATF)/CREB proteins, an extensive transcription factor family. Here we report that one member of this family, ATF-1, can mediate both Ca2+ and cAMP transcriptional responses, but that the responses to the two pathways differ in magnitude. In contrast, another family member, CREB, has been shown to mediate Ca2+ and cAMP responses to similar levels. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism that allows cells to integrate and differentiate gene regulation by cAMP and Ca2+.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Activating Transcription Factor 1
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Base Sequence
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Calcium / metabolism*
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
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Cyclic AMP / metabolism*
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins*
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Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
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Mice
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
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PC12 Cells
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Ribonucleases
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Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Substrate Specificity
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Transcription Factors / metabolism*
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Transcription, Genetic*
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
Substances
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Activating Transcription Factor 1
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Atf1 protein, mouse
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
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Transcription Factors
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Cyclic AMP
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Protein Kinases
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
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Ribonucleases
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Calcium