Abstract
A set of genes (SWI1, SWI2/SNF2, SWI3, SNF5 and SNF6) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are required for transcription of a variety of yeast genes. It was recently reported that the mammalian glucocorticoid receptor failed to activate transcription when transiently expressed in swi1-, swi2- or swi3- yeast strains. We report here that two highly related human cDNAs, hSNF2 alpha and -beta, encode amino acid sequences homologous to both the yeast SWI2/SNF2 and the Drosophila brahma. Similar to their yeast and Drosophila counterparts, both human cDNAs contain helicase motifs, a bromodomain, a highly charged C-terminal sequence and an N-terminal sequence rich in proline, glutamine and glycine. Tissue distribution of the mRNAs varied slightly. Transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor and the retinoic acid receptor was enhanced by co-expression of either hSNF2 cDNA. No enhancement was observed for promoters which do not respond to nuclear receptors. We suggest that global transcriptional coactivators equivalent to the yeast SWI/SNF complex exist in mammalian cells.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adenosine Triphosphatases
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Brain Chemistry
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Cell Cycle Proteins*
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Cloning, Molecular
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DNA Helicases
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DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
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DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics*
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DNA-Binding Proteins / physiology
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Drosophila / genetics
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Drosophila Proteins
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Fetus / chemistry
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Fungal Proteins / genetics
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Humans
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Nuclear Proteins*
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Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / analysis
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Receptors, Estrogen / physiology*
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / physiology*
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Tissue Distribution
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Trans-Activators / genetics
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Transcription Factors / chemistry
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Transcription Factors / genetics*
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Transcription Factors / physiology
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Transcriptional Activation / genetics*
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
Substances
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Drosophila Proteins
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Fungal Proteins
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Nuclear Proteins
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RNA, Messenger
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Receptors, Estrogen
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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SMARCA1 protein, human
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SMARCA2 protein, human
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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Trans-Activators
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Transcription Factors
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brm protein, Drosophila
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Adenosine Triphosphatases
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SMARCA4 protein, human
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SNF2 protein, S cerevisiae
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DNA Helicases
Associated data
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GENBANK/D26155
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GENBANK/D26156
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GENBANK/U29175