Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare type of neuroendocrine tumor. This study aimed to investigate the gene and protein expression of RAP1GAP and DNA methylation patterns of its CpG74a , CpG74b , and CpG24 in an Iranian population with MTC.
Methods: In this case-control study, we selected 55 individuals who underwent thyroidectomy in Erfan hospital, Tehran, between 2018 and 2020. Samples were divided into normal thyroid tissues (control; n=20), benign nodule (n=20), and MTC (n=15). DNA methylation patterns were investigated using MSP (methylation-specific PCR). The protein level and mRNA expression of RAP1GAP were also evaluated using western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively.
Results: The hyper-methylation rates of CpG24 and CpG74a in the MTC samples were considerably higher than the controls (83% versus 15% and 74% versus 17%, respectively; P<0.001). The methylation/unmethylation ratio of CpG74a , and CpG24 was considerably higher than the controls (P<0.001). The methylation/unmethylation ratio of CpG24 in the benign nodules was also considerably greater than the controls (P<0.001). The mRNA expression and the protein level of RAP1GAP in the MTC group were considerably lower than the controls (P=0.005 and P=0.035, respectively). In the MTC group, aberrant methylation of CpG74a and CpG24 was significantly correlated with decreasing expression of the Rap1Gap gene (R2 : 0.23; P=0.032 and R2 : 0.56; P=0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: Hyper-methylation in CpG24 and CpG74a and decreasing expression of RAP1GAP can be considered as diagnostic biomarkers for MTC.
Keywords: CpG Island; DNA methylation; Epigenetic; Medullary thyroid cancer; RAP1GAP.
2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.