Adverse events reported for Mirena levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in France and impact of media coverage

Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Sep;85(9):2126-2133. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14027. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

Abstract

Aims: In 2017, concerns regarding adverse events (AEs) associated with the Mirena levonorgestrel intrauterine device were largely echoed in the media in France. This resulted in a tremendous reporting of AEs to pharmacovigilance centres. The aim of this study was to describe the reporting of AEs regarding Mirena in France and to study the impact of media coverage on this reporting.

Methods: All cases reports involving Mirena recorded in the French national pharmacovigilance database from marketing (21 July 1995) until 04 August 2017 were extracted. To allow studying the influence of mediatisation, reports were described separately for the periods preceding and following the observed media coverage peak (15 May 2017).

Results: Overall, 3224 reports were considered, 510 (15.8%) recorded before the media coverage peak, and 2714 (84.2%) after. Before the peak, 76.5% of reports originated from health professionals; median time-to-report was of 5.5 months (interquartile range: 1.7-18.6), and median number of AEs per report was 1 (range: 1-17). After the peak, 98.6% originated from patients; median time-to-report was 21 months (interquartile range: 8.1-45.5), and median number of AEs per report was 6 (range: 1-37). After the peak, most reports mentioned anxio-depressive disorders (38.8 vs 10.6% before) or sexual disorders (47.3 vs 6.9%). Other emphasised AEs were weight increase (42.3 vs 10.2%) and pain (gastrointestinal, 19.1 vs 3.5%; musculoskeletal, 22.2 vs 4.5%).

Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of mediatisation impact on spontaneous reporting with changes concerning amounts of reports, type of reporter, and type of reported AEs. For Mirena, this led to generate signals regarding anxio-depressive and sexual disorders.

Keywords: drug safety; gynaecology/obstetrics; pharmacovigilance.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / statistics & numerical data*
  • Anxiety / chemically induced
  • Anxiety / epidemiology
  • Depression / chemically induced
  • Depression / epidemiology
  • Female
  • France / epidemiology
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Information Dissemination*
  • Intrauterine Devices / adverse effects*
  • Levonorgestrel / administration & dosage
  • Levonorgestrel / adverse effects*
  • Male
  • Mass Media / statistics & numerical data*
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / chemically induced
  • Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / epidemiology

Substances

  • Levonorgestrel