Modulation of MKNK2 alternative splicing by splice-switching oligonucleotides as a novel approach for glioblastoma treatment

Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Nov 30;46(21):11396-11404. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky921.

Abstract

The gene encoding the kinase Mnk2 (MKNK2) is alternatively spliced to produce two isoforms-Mnk2a and Mnk2b. We previously showed that Mnk2a is downregulated in several types of cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor by activation of the p38-MAPK stress pathway, inducing apoptosis. Moreover, Mnk2a overexpression suppressed Ras-induced transformation in culture and in vivo. In contrast, the Mnk2b isoform acts as a pro-oncogenic factor. In this study, we designed modified-RNA antisense oligonucleotides and screened for those that specifically induce a strong switch in alternative splicing of the MKNK2 gene (splice switching oligonucleotides or SSOs), elevating the tumor suppressive isoform Mnk2a at the expense of the pro-oncogenic isoform Mnk2b. Induction of Mnk2a by SSOs in glioblastoma cells activated the p38-MAPK pathway, inhibited the oncogenic properties of the cells, re-sensitized the cells to chemotherapy and inhibited glioblastoma development in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of p38-MAPK partially rescued glioblastoma cells suggesting that most of the anti-oncogenic activity of the SSO is mediated by activation of this pathway. These results suggest that manipulation of MKNK2 alternative splicing by SSOs is a novel approach to inhibit glioblastoma tumorigenesis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alternative Splicing
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis
  • Brain Neoplasms / genetics
  • Brain Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Genes, Tumor Suppressor
  • Glioblastoma / genetics
  • Glioblastoma / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics*
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred NOD
  • Mice, SCID
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Oligonucleotides / genetics*
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics*
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • RNA Splicing
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism

Substances

  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Oligonucleotides
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense
  • Protein Isoforms
  • MKNK2 protein, human
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases