An Evolutionarily Conserved Mesodermal Enhancer in Vertebrate Zic3

Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 8;8(1):14954. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33235-y.

Abstract

Zic3 encodes a zinc finger protein essential for the development of meso-ectodermal tissues. In mammals, Zic3 has important roles in the development of neural tube, axial skeletons, left-right body axis, and in maintaining pluripotency of ES cells. Here we characterized cis-regulatory elements required for Zic3 expression. Enhancer activities of human-chicken-conserved noncoding sequences around Zic1 and Zic3 were screened using chick whole-embryo electroporation. We identified enhancers for meso-ectodermal tissues. Among them, a mesodermal enhancer (Zic3-ME) in distant 3' flanking showed robust enhancement of reporter gene expression in the mesodermal tissue of chicken and mouse embryos, and was required for mesodermal Zic3 expression in mice. Zic3-ME minimal core region is included in the DNase hypersensitive region of ES cells, mesoderm, and neural progenitors, and was bound by T (Brachyury), Eomes, Lef1, Nanog, Oct4, and Zic2. Zic3-ME is derived from an ancestral sequence shared with a sequence encoding a mitochondrial enzyme. These results indicate that Zic3-ME is an integrated cis-regulatory element essential for the proper expression of Zic3 in vertebrates, serving as a hub for a gene regulatory network including Zic3.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Chick Embryo
  • Chickens
  • Conserved Sequence
  • Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic*
  • Evolution, Molecular
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental*
  • Gene Regulatory Networks
  • Homeodomain Proteins / analysis
  • Homeodomain Proteins / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Mesoderm / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Transcription Factors / analysis
  • Transcription Factors / genetics*
  • Zinc Fingers

Substances

  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • Transcription Factors
  • ZIC3 protein, human
  • Zic3 protein, mouse