The roles of long non-coding RNAs in cancer metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here we identify FILNC1 (FoxO-induced long non-coding RNA 1) as an energy stress-induced long non-coding RNA by FoxO transcription factors. FILNC1 deficiency in renal cancer cells alleviates energy stress-induced apoptosis and markedly promotes renal tumor development. We show that FILNC1 deficiency leads to enhanced glucose uptake and lactate production through upregulation of c-Myc. Upon energy stress, FILNC1 interacts with AUF1, a c-Myc mRNA-binding protein, and sequesters AUF1 from binding c-Myc mRNA, leading to downregulation of c-Myc protein. FILNC1 is specifically expressed in kidney, and is downregulated in renal cell carcinoma; also, its low expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes in renal cell carcinoma. Together, our study not only identifies FILNC1 as a negative regulator of renal cancer with potential clinical value, but also reveals a regulatory mechanism by long non-coding RNAs to control energy metabolism and tumor development.FoxO are commonly down-regulated transcription factors and tumor suppressors in renal cell cancer (RCC). Here, the authors show that upon energy stress FoxOs induce the expression of the long non-coding RNA FILNC1, which inhibits survival of RCC by downregulating c-Myc and c-Myc-dependent metabolic rewiring.