Overexpression of FZD1 and CAIX are Associated with Invasion, Metastasis, and Poor-Prognosis of the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pathol Oncol Res. 2018 Oct;24(4):899-906. doi: 10.1007/s12253-017-0284-5. Epub 2017 Sep 18.

Abstract

Approximately 80% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have metastatic disease with poor prognosis, but clinically available biomarkers have not yet been identified. This study was to investigate the clinical significance of FZD1 and CAIX in PDACs. FZD1 and CAIX protein expression was measured using EnVision immunohistochemistry. Positive FZD1 or CAIX expression was significantly higher in PDAC than that in precursor lesions (p < 0.01). Positive FZD1 or CAIX expression was significantly lower in cases with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, no-metastasis of the lymph node, no-invasion of regional tissues, and TNM I/II stage disease than in cases with poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, metastasis and invasion, and TNM stage III+ IV stage disease (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The expression of FZD1 positively correlated with CAIX in PDAC (P = 0.000). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that FZD1 and/or CAIX expression (p < 0.001) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that differentiation, tumor mass, lymph node metastasis, invasion, TNM stage, FZD1 and CAIX levels negatively correlated with overall survival. Positive FZD1 and CAIX expressions are poor prognostic factors in PDAC patients. FZD1 and CAIX might be important biological markers for the carcinogenesis, metastasis, invasion, and prognosis of PDAC.

Keywords: CAIX; FZD1; Immunohistochemistry; Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antigens, Neoplasm / analysis
  • Antigens, Neoplasm / biosynthesis*
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX / analysis
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX / biosynthesis*
  • Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / pathology*
  • Disease Progression
  • Female
  • Frizzled Receptors / analysis
  • Frizzled Receptors / biosynthesis*
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / mortality
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Prognosis

Substances

  • Antigens, Neoplasm
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • FZD1 protein, human
  • Frizzled Receptors
  • CA9 protein, human
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX