A decrease in ubiquitination and resulting prolonged life-span of KIT underlies the KIT overexpression-mediated imatinib resistance of KIT mutation-driven canine mast cell tumor cells

Oncol Rep. 2017 Oct;38(4):2543-2550. doi: 10.3892/or.2017.5865. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Abstract

Overexpression of KIT is one of the mechanisms that contributes to imatinib resistance in KIT mutation-driven tumors. Here, the mechanism underlying this overexpression of KIT was investigated using an imatinib-sensitive canine mast cell tumor (MCT) line CoMS, which has an activating mutation in KIT exon 11. A KIT-overexpressing imatinib-resistant subline, rCoMS1, was generated from CoMS cells by their continuous exposure to increasing concentrations of imatinib. Neither a secondary mutation nor upregulated transcription of KIT was detected in rCoMS1 cells. A decrease in KIT ubiquitination, a prolonged KIT life-span, and KIT overexpression were found in rCoMS1 cells. These events were suppressed by withdrawal of imatinib and were re-induced by re‑treatment with imatinib. These findings suggest that imatinib elicited overexpression of KIT via suppression of its ubiquitination. These results also indicated that imatinib-induced overexpression of KIT in rCoMS1 cells was not a permanently acquired feature but was a reversible response of the cells. Moreover, the pan deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor PR619 prevented imatinib induction of KIT overexpression, suggesting that the imatinib-induced decrease in KIT ubiquitination could be mediated by upregulation and/or activation of deubiquitinating enzyme(s). It may be possible that a similar mechanism of KIT overexpression underlies the acquisition of imatinib resistance in some human tumors that are driven by KIT mutation.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Dogs
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / genetics
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / drug therapy*
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / genetics
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / pathology
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / veterinary
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Imatinib Mesylate / administration & dosage*
  • Imatinib Mesylate / adverse effects
  • Mast Cells / drug effects*
  • Mast Cells / pathology
  • Mutation
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / genetics*
  • Ubiquitination / drug effects

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Imatinib Mesylate
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit