Rating of Included Trials on the Efficacy-Effectiveness Spectrum: development of a new tool for systematic reviews

Affiliations

• ¹ Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 520 West Lombard Street, East Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. Electronic address: swieland@som.umaryland.edu.
• ² Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 520 West Lombard Street, East Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
• ³ Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
• ⁴ Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich CH-8091, Switzerland.
• ⁵ Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands; Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
• ⁶ Institute of General Practice, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Orleansstrasse 47, Munich 81667, Germany.
• ⁷ Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
• ⁸ Pharmaceutical Health Services Research Department, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
• ⁹ Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, 3rd Floor, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
• ¹⁰ Center for Medical Technology Policy, World Trade Center Institute, 401 E Pratt St # 631, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
• ¹¹ Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
• ¹² Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
• ¹³ Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 520 West Lombard Street, East Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich CH-8091, Switzerland; Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, Berlin 10117, Germany.