Genetic and Immune Dysregulation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017 Feb;50(1):13-28. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2016.08.009.

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent condition that is heterogeneous in disease characteristics and multifactorial in cause. Although sinonasal mucosal inflammation in CRS is often either reversible or well-managed medically and surgically, a significant proportion of patients has a refractory form of CRS despite maximal therapy. Two of the several described factors thought to contribute to disease recalcitrance are genetic influences and dysfunction of the host immune system. Current evidence for a genetic basis of CRS is reviewed, as it pertains to putative abnormalities in innate and adaptive immune function. The role of systemic immunodeficiencies in refractory CRS is discussed.

Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps; Genetics; Immune dysregulation; Primary immunodeficiency; Single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Chronic Disease
  • Disease Management
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate / genetics
  • Nasal Polyps* / diagnosis
  • Nasal Polyps* / genetics
  • Nasal Polyps* / therapy
  • Rhinitis* / diagnosis
  • Rhinitis* / genetics
  • Rhinitis* / therapy
  • Sinusitis* / diagnosis
  • Sinusitis* / genetics
  • Sinusitis* / therapy