Interleukin-35 is upregulated in response to influenza virus infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia

Yi Chen; Chuan-jiang Wang; Shi-hui Lin; Mu Zhang; Sheng-yuan Li; Fang Xu

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.016

Interleukin-35 is upregulated in response to influenza virus infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia

Cytokine. 2016 May:81:23-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.016. Epub 2016 Feb 5.

Authors

Yi Chen¹, Chuan-jiang Wang¹, Shi-hui Lin¹, Mu Zhang¹, Sheng-yuan Li¹, Fang Xu²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
² Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: xufang828@126.com.

PMID: 26844658
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.016

Abstract

Postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia is an important cause of global morbidity and mortality. What causes this increased susceptibility is not well elucidated. IL-35 is a newly described cytokine in infectious tolerance. A murine model was established to study postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia and evaluate the role of IL-35 in host defense against postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia. Pulmonary IL-35 was rapidly up-regulated during murine influenza infection, which was partially mediated by type I IFN-α/β receptor signaling pathway. Secondary pneumococcal infection led to a synergistic IL-35 response in influenza-infected mice. Clinical analysis showed that IL-35 levels were significantly elevated in the patients with influenza infection compared with healthy individuals and influenza infection could induce IL-35 production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These data suggest that IL-35 contributes to the increased susceptibility to secondary pneumococcal pneumonia at least in part by inhibiting the early immune response.

Keywords: IL-35; Immune response; Infection; Influenza; Pneumonia; Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Cells, Cultured
Coinfection / complications
Coinfection / metabolism*
Dogs
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / physiology
Influenza, Human / metabolism
Influenza, Human / virology
Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 / genetics
Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 / metabolism
Interleukins / genetics
Interleukins / metabolism*
Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism
Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology
Lung / metabolism*
Lung / microbiology
Lung / virology
Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / genetics
Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / metabolism
Orthomyxoviridae Infections / complications
Orthomyxoviridae Infections / metabolism*
Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / complications
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / metabolism*
Receptors, Cytokine / genetics
Receptors, Cytokine / metabolism
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Up-Regulation

Substances

EBI3 protein, human
Ebi3 protein, mouse
Interleukin-12 Subunit p35
Interleukins
Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
Receptors, Cytokine
interleukin-35, human
interleukin-35, mouse