Global prevalence of pre-existing HCV variants resistant to direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs): mining the GenBank HCV genome data

Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 4:6:20310. doi: 10.1038/srep20310.

Abstract

Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins open a whole new era for anti-HCV therapy, but DAA resistance associated variants (RAVs) could jeopardize the effectiveness of DAAs. We reported the global prevalence of DAA RAVs using published GenBank data. 58.7% of sequences (854/1455) harbored at least one dominant resistance variant and the highest RAV frequency occurred in Asia (74.1%), followed by Africa (71.9%), America (53.5%) and Europe (51.4%). The highest RAV frequency was observed in genotype (GT) 6 sequences (99%), followed by GT2 (87.9%), GT4 (85.5%), GT1a (56%), GT3 (50.0%) and GT1b (34.3%). Furthermore, 40.0% and 29.6% of sequences were detected RAVs of non-structural (NS) 5A inhibitors and NS3 protease inhibitors, respectively. However, RAVs to NS5B nucleo(t)ide inhibitor (NI) and NI-based combinations were uncommon (<4% of sequences). As expected, combinations of multiple RAVs to the IFN-free regimens recommended by current guidelines were rarely detected (0.2%-2.0%). Our results showed that the overall global prevalence of DAA RAVs was high irrespective of geography or genotype. However, the NI-based multi-DAA regimens had a low RAV prevalence, suggesting that these regimens are the most promising strategies for cure of the long-term HCV infection.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
  • Databases, Genetic
  • Drug Resistance, Viral / drug effects*
  • Drug Resistance, Viral / genetics
  • Gene Frequency
  • Genotype
  • Hepacivirus / drug effects
  • Hepacivirus / genetics*
  • Hepacivirus / metabolism
  • Hepatitis C / epidemiology
  • Hepatitis C / virology
  • Humans
  • Prevalence
  • Protease Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / genetics*
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Protease Inhibitors
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins