Identification, biochemical and structural evaluation of species-specific inhibitors against type I methionine aminopeptidases

J Med Chem. 2013 Jul 11;56(13):5295-305. doi: 10.1021/jm400395p. Epub 2013 Jun 27.

Abstract

Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) are essential enzymes that make them good drug targets in cancer and microbial infections. MetAPs remove the initiator methionine from newly synthesized peptides in every living cell. MetAPs are broadly divided into type I and type II classes. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain type I MetAPs, while eukaryotes have additional type II MetAP enzyme. Although several inhibitors have been reported against type I enzymes, subclass specificity is scarce. Here, using the fine differences in the entrance of the active sites of MetAPs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Enterococcus faecalis , and human, three hotspots have been identified and pyridinylpyrimidine-based molecules were selected from a commercial source to target these hotspots. In the biochemical evaluation, many of the 38 compounds displayed differential behavior against these three enzymes. Crystal structures of four selected inhibitors in complex with human MetAP1b and molecular modeling studies provided the basis for the binding specificity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Bacterial Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Enterococcus faecalis / enzymology
  • Enterococcus faecalis / genetics
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Isoenzymes / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Isoenzymes / genetics
  • Isoenzymes / metabolism
  • Kinetics
  • Methionyl Aminopeptidases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Methionyl Aminopeptidases / chemistry
  • Methionyl Aminopeptidases / genetics
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Molecular Structure
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / enzymology
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / genetics
  • Protein Binding
  • Pyridines / chemistry
  • Pyrimidines / chemistry
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacology*
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Species Specificity
  • Stereoisomerism

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Isoenzymes
  • Pyridines
  • Pyrimidines
  • Methionyl Aminopeptidases
  • pyrimidine