Differential capacity of chaperone-rich lysates in cross-presenting human endogenous and exogenous melanoma differentiation antigens

Int J Hyperthermia. 2008 Dec;24(8):623-37. doi: 10.1080/02656730802213384.

Abstract

The goal of immune-based tumor therapies is the activation of immune cells reactive against a broad spectrum of tumor-expressed antigens. Vaccines based on chaperone proteins appear promising as these proteins naturally exist as complexes with various protein fragments including those derived from tumor-associated antigens. Multi-chaperone systems are expected to have highest polyvalency as different chaperones can carry distinct sets of antigenic fragments. A free-solution isoelectric focusing (FS-IEF) technique was established to generate chaperone-rich cell lysates (CRCL). Results from murine systems support the contention that CRCL induce superior anti-tumor responses than single chaperone vaccines. We established an in vitro model for human melanoma to evaluate the capacity of CRCL to transfer endogenously expressed tumor antigens to the cross-presentation pathway of dendritic cells (DC) for antigen-specific T cell stimulation. CRCL prepared from human melanoma lines contained the four major chaperone proteins Hsp/Hsc70, Hsp90, Grp94/gp96 and calreticulin. The chaperones within the melanoma cell-derived CRCL were functionally active in that they enhanced cross-presentation of exogenous peptides mixed into the CRCL preparation. Superior activity was observed for Hsp70-rich CRCL obtained from heat-stressed melanoma cells. Despite the presence of active chaperones, melanoma cell-derived CRCL failed to transfer endogenously expressed melanoma-associated antigens to DC for cross-presentation and cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognition, even after increasing intracellular protein levels of tumor antigen or chaperones. These findings reveal limitations of the CRCL approach regarding cross-presentation of endogenously expressed melanoma-associated antigens. Yet, CRCL may be utilized as vehicles to enhance the delivery of exogenous antigens for DC-mediated cross-presentation and T cell stimulation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation / immunology
  • Antigens, Differentiation / immunology*
  • Antigens, Neoplasm / immunology*
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Cancer Vaccines / immunology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cross-Priming / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology
  • Hot Temperature
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-12 / immunology
  • Melanoma / immunology*
  • Melanoma / pathology
  • Molecular Chaperones / immunology*
  • Monophenol Monooxygenase / metabolism
  • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology

Substances

  • Antigens, Differentiation
  • Antigens, Neoplasm
  • Biomarkers
  • Cancer Vaccines
  • Molecular Chaperones
  • Interleukin-12
  • Monophenol Monooxygenase