Abstract
Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which associate with activating partners, named cyclins, to phosphorylate substrates efficiently. Cyclins are periodically synthesized and degraded during the cell cycle, playing a key role in the precise activation and inactivation of CDKs. However, CDKs can also be activated by other proteins, which lack sequence similarity to cyclins. These include the RINGO/Speedy proteins, which were originally identified as regulators of the meiotic cell cycle in Xenopus oocytes. Recently, five different mammalian RINGO/Speedy family members have been reported, all of which can bind to and directly activate Cdk1 and Cdk2.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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CDC2 Protein Kinase / genetics
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CDC2 Protein Kinase / metabolism
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Cell Cycle / genetics
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Cell Cycle / physiology*
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Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
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Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism*
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / genetics
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / metabolism
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / genetics
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism*
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Enzyme Activation
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Humans
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Models, Biological
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism
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Phylogeny
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Xenopus Proteins / genetics
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Xenopus Proteins / metabolism
Substances
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
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SPDYA protein, human
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Xenopus Proteins
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ls27 protein, Xenopus
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neuronal Cdk5 activator (p25-p35)
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CDC2 Protein Kinase
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases