An enriched bovine osteogenic protein preparation in combination with bone collagen matrix (osteogenic protein device) was used to effect new bone growth in extraction sites in the presence or absence of titanium dental implants. Incisor and canine teeth were extracted from each of three cynomolgus monkeys, and implants were inserted directly into the sockets without surgical site preparation. The osteogenic protein device induced new bone formation in close apposition to the titanium implants in all trials within 3 weeks. A lesser amount of new bone formation in both sets of control sites was limited to the bony socket walls and not closely apposed to the implant. These data show that the osteogenic protein device is capable of inducing new bone formation in tooth sockets within 3 weeks in the presence or absence of titanium implants. This is the first known demonstration of the therapeutic induction of bone formation in close apposition to metallic implants.