HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: MRPS21
Cytogenetic location: 1q21.2 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 1:150,293,861-150,308,979 (from NCBI)
Mitochondria have their own translation system for production of 13 proteins essential for oxidative phosphorylation. MRPS21 is 1 of more than 70 protein components of mitochondrial ribosomes that are encoded by the nuclear genome (Kenmochi et al., 2001).
By proteolytic digestion of whole bovine 28S subunits, followed by peptide analysis and EST database analysis, Koc et al. (2001) identified full-length human MRPS21. The deduced 87-amino acid MRPS21 protein has a calculated molecular mass of 10.7 kD. Koc et al. (2001) identified MRPS21 orthologs in mouse, Drosophila, C. elegans, yeast, and E. coli. Highest conservation is in the N-terminal and central regions of MRPS21 orthologs. Mouse and human MRPS21 share 90.8% amino acid identity.
By radiation hybrid analysis and analysis of an integrated BAC-STS map, Kenmochi et al. (2001) mapped the MRPS21 gene to chromosome 1q21. Zhang and Gerstein (2003) identified 9 MRPS21 pseudogenes scattered throughout the genome.
Kenmochi, N., Suzuki, T., Uechi, T., Magoori, M., Kuniba, M., Higa, S., Watanabe, K., Tanaka, T. The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. Genomics 77: 65-70, 2001. [PubMed: 11543634] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2001.6622]
Koc, E. C., Burkhart, W., Blackburn, K., Moseley, A., Spremulli, L. L. The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome: identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 19363-19374, 2001. [PubMed: 11279123] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M100727200]
Zhang, Z., Gerstein, M. Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome. Genomics 81: 468-480, 2003. [PubMed: 12706105] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00004-1]