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gastroenteritis

MedGen UID:
8967
•Concept ID:
C0017160
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Gastroenteritides; Gastroenteritis
SNOMED CT: Gastroenteritis (25374005); Inflammation of stomach and intestine (25374005); GE - Gastroenteritis (25374005)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0002269

Definition

An inflammatory disorder that affects the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, this is attributed to viruses; however bacteria, parasites or adverse reactions can also be the culprit. Symptoms include acute diarrhea and vomiting. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Probiotics for the Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders: Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications.
Szajewska H, Berni Canani R, Domellöf M, Guarino A, Hojsak I, Indrio F, Lo Vecchio A, Mihatsch WA, Mosca A, Orel R, Salvatore S, Shamir R, van den Akker CHP, van Goudoever JB, Vandenplas Y, Weizman Z; ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023 Feb 1;76(2):232-247. Epub 2022 Oct 11 doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003633. PMID: 36219218
Acute gastroenteritis: evidence-based management of pediatric patients.
Brady K
Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 2018 Feb;15(2):1-24. Epub 2018 Feb 1 PMID: 29369591
Acute diarrhea: evidence-based management.
Brandt KG, Castro Antunes MM, Silva GA
J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015 Nov-Dec;91(6 Suppl 1):S36-43. Epub 2015 Sep 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.06.002. PMID: 26351768

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Acute Gastroenteritis in Children of the World: What Needs to Be Done?
Guarino A, Aguilar J, Berkley J, Broekaert I, Vazquez-Frias R, Holtz L, Lo Vecchio A, Meskini T, Moore S, Rivera Medina JF, Sandhu B, Smarrazzo A, Szajewska H, Treepongkaruna S
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020 May;70(5):694-701. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002669. PMID: 32079974Free PMC Article
Capturing norovirus transmission.
de Graaf M, Villabruna N, Koopmans MP
Curr Opin Virol 2017 Feb;22:64-70. Epub 2017 Jan 2 doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.008. PMID: 28056379
Rotavirus.
Esona MD, Gautam R
Clin Lab Med 2015 Jun;35(2):363-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2015.02.012. PMID: 26004648
Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA
Lancet Infect Dis 2014 Aug;14(8):725-730. Epub 2014 Jun 26 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4. PMID: 24981041Free PMC Article
Rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Leung AK, Kellner JD, Davies HD
Adv Ther 2005 Sep-Oct;22(5):476-87. doi: 10.1007/BF02849868. PMID: 16418157

Diagnosis

Viral Acute Gastroenteritis in Special Populations.
Meier JL
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):305-322. Epub 2021 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.003. PMID: 34024443
Acute Bacterial Gastroenteritis.
Fleckenstein JM, Matthew Kuhlmann F, Sheikh A
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):283-304. Epub 2021 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.002. PMID: 34024442Free PMC Article
Acute gastroenteritis: evidence-based management of pediatric patients.
Brady K
Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 2018 Feb;15(2):1-24. Epub 2018 Feb 1 PMID: 29369591
Therapy of acute gastroenteritis: role of antibiotics.
Zollner-Schwetz I, Krause R
Clin Microbiol Infect 2015 Aug;21(8):744-9. Epub 2015 Mar 11 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.002. PMID: 25769427
Acute gastroenteritis.
Graves NS
Prim Care 2013 Sep;40(3):727-41. Epub 2013 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.05.006. PMID: 23958366Free PMC Article

Therapy

Norovirus: An Overview of Virology and Preventative Measures.
Winder N, Gohar S, Muthana M
Viruses 2022 Dec 16;14(12) doi: 10.3390/v14122811. PMID: 36560815Free PMC Article
Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Li Q, Zhou Q, Florez ID, Mathew JL, Shang L, Zhang G, Tian X, Fu Z, Liu E, Luo Z, Chen Y
JAMA Pediatr 2022 Dec 1;176(12):1199-1207. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4123. PMID: 36374480Free PMC Article
Approaches and Challenges to Management of Pediatric and Adult Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.
Hirano I, Furuta GT
Gastroenterology 2020 Mar;158(4):840-851. Epub 2019 Dec 10 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.052. PMID: 31836530Free PMC Article
The pros, cons, and many unknowns of probiotics.
Suez J, Zmora N, Segal E, Elinav E
Nat Med 2019 May;25(5):716-729. Epub 2019 May 6 doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0439-x. PMID: 31061539
Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug.
Finkelstein Y, Aks SE, Hutson JR, Juurlink DN, Nguyen P, Dubnov-Raz G, Pollak U, Koren G, Bentur Y
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010 Jun;48(5):407-14. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2010.495348. PMID: 20586571

Prognosis

Burden of infection in Australian infants.
Rowland R, Sass Z, Ponsonby AL, Pezic A, Tang ML, Vuillermin P, Gray L, Burgner D; Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group
J Paediatr Child Health 2021 Feb;57(2):204-211. Epub 2020 Sep 23 doi: 10.1111/jpc.15174. PMID: 32969131
Environmental indicators for human norovirus outbreaks.
Shamkhali Chenar S, Deng Z
Int J Environ Health Res 2017 Feb;27(1):40-51. Epub 2016 Nov 23 doi: 10.1080/09603123.2016.1257705. PMID: 27876423
Mucosal Immunity and acute viral gastroenteritis.
Rose MA
Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014;10(7):2112-4. doi: 10.4161/hv.29605. PMID: 25424826Free PMC Article
Gastroenteritis in children.
Dalby-Payne JR, Elliott EJ
BMJ Clin Evid 2011 Jul 26;2011 PMID: 21791124Free PMC Article
Gastroenteritis in children.
Dalby-Payne JR, Elliott EJ
BMJ Clin Evid 2009 Sep 23;2009 PMID: 21726481Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Pathogen-Specific Effects of Probiotics in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis Seeking Emergency Care: A Randomized Trial.
Freedman SB, Finkelstein Y, Pang XL, Chui L, Tarr PI, VanBuren JM, Olsen C, Lee BE, Hall-Moore CA, Sapien R, O'Connell K, Levine AC, Poonai N, Roskind C, Schuh S, Rogers A, Bhatt S, Gouin S, Mahajan P, Vance C, Hurley K, Powell EC, Farion KJ, Schnadower D
Clin Infect Dis 2022 Aug 24;75(1):55-64. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab876. PMID: 34596225Free PMC Article
Acute Gastroenteritis in Children of the World: What Needs to Be Done?
Guarino A, Aguilar J, Berkley J, Broekaert I, Vazquez-Frias R, Holtz L, Lo Vecchio A, Meskini T, Moore S, Rivera Medina JF, Sandhu B, Smarrazzo A, Szajewska H, Treepongkaruna S
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020 May;70(5):694-701. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002669. PMID: 32079974Free PMC Article
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG versus Placebo for Acute Gastroenteritis in Children.
Schnadower D, Tarr PI, Casper TC, Gorelick MH, Dean JM, O'Connell KJ, Mahajan P, Levine AC, Bhatt SR, Roskind CG, Powell EC, Rogers AJ, Vance C, Sapien RE, Olsen CS, Metheney M, Dickey VP, Hall-Moore C, Freedman SB
N Engl J Med 2018 Nov 22;379(21):2002-2014. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1802598. PMID: 30462938Free PMC Article
European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe: update 2014.
Guarino A, Ashkenazi S, Gendrel D, Lo Vecchio A, Shamir R, Szajewska H; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014 Jul;59(1):132-52. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000375. PMID: 24739189
Rotavirus overview.
Bernstein DI
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009 Mar;28(3 Suppl):S50-3. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181967bee. PMID: 19252423

Recent systematic reviews

Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Li Q, Zhou Q, Florez ID, Mathew JL, Shang L, Zhang G, Tian X, Fu Z, Liu E, Luo Z, Chen Y
JAMA Pediatr 2022 Dec 1;176(12):1199-1207. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4123. PMID: 36374480Free PMC Article
Comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions for acute diarrhea and gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Florez ID, Veroniki AA, Al Khalifah R, Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Sierra JM, Vernooij RWM, Acosta-Reyes J, Granados CM, Pérez-Gaxiola G, Cuello-Garcia C, Zea AM, Zhang Y, Foroutan N, Guyatt GH, Thabane L
PLoS One 2018;13(12):e0207701. Epub 2018 Dec 5 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207701. PMID: 30517196Free PMC Article
SGLT-2 inhibitors and the risk of infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Puckrin R, Saltiel MP, Reynier P, Azoulay L, Yu OHY, Filion KB
Acta Diabetol 2018 May;55(5):503-514. Epub 2018 Feb 27 doi: 10.1007/s00592-018-1116-0. PMID: 29484489
Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA
Lancet Infect Dis 2014 Aug;14(8):725-730. Epub 2014 Jun 26 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4. PMID: 24981041Free PMC Article
Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug.
Finkelstein Y, Aks SE, Hutson JR, Juurlink DN, Nguyen P, Dubnov-Raz G, Pollak U, Koren G, Bentur Y
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010 Jun;48(5):407-14. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2010.495348. PMID: 20586571

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