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    RALA RAS like proto-oncogene A [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5898, updated on 27-May-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    RALAprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    RAS like proto-oncogene Aprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9839
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000006451 MIM:179550; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9839
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    RAL; HINCONS
    Summary
    The product of this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Ras family of proteins. GTP-binding proteins mediate the transmembrane signaling initiated by the occupancy of certain cell surface receptors. This gene encodes a low molecular mass ras-like GTP-binding protein that shares about 50% similarity with other ras proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in esophagus (RPKM 22.0), lung (RPKM 20.7) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See RALA in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    7p14.1
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (39623572..39708120)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (39781130..39865684)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (39663171..39747719)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene YAE1 maturation factor of ABCE1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18111 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986785 Neighboring gene akirin 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:39663047-39663894 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18113 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25879 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 6412 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25880 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:39761893-39762394 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:39762968-39763530 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:39763531-39764091 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25881 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25882 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:39772987-39774186 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:39774391-39775162 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 265 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:39789308-39790145 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:39793752-39794419 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 719, pseudogene Neighboring gene capicua transcriptional repressor pseudogene 22

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Identification of RALA as a Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Predictor of Osteosarcoma. Fan G, et al. Biomed Res Int, 2023. PMID 36817861, Free PMC Article
    2. Dysregulation of RalA signaling through dual regulatory mechanisms exerts its oncogenic functions in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tian L, et al. Hepatology, 2022 Jul. PMID 34767674, Free PMC Article
    3. Calmodulin extracts the Ras family protein RalA from lipid bilayers by engagement with two membrane-targeting motifs. Chamberlain SG, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021 Sep 7. PMID 34480001, Free PMC Article
    4. The small G-protein RalA promotes progression and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. Thies KA, et al. Breast Cancer Res, 2021 Jun 12. PMID 34118960, Free PMC Article
    5. RAL GTPases mediate multiple myeloma cell survival and are activated independently of oncogenic RAS. Seibold M, et al. Haematologica, 2020 Sep 1. PMID 33054056, Free PMC Article

    See all (166) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Obesity causes mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in white adipocytes due to RalA activation.
      Title: Obesity causes mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in white adipocytes due to RalA activation.
    2. Ral GTPase promotes metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via elevation of TGF-beta1 production.
      Title: Ral GTPase promotes metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via elevation of TGF-β1 production.
    3. Identification of RALA as a Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Predictor of Osteosarcoma.
      Title: Identification of RALA as a Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Predictor of Osteosarcoma.
    4. Dysregulation of RalA signaling through dual regulatory mechanisms exerts its oncogenic functions in hepatocellular carcinoma.
      Title: Dysregulation of RalA signaling through dual regulatory mechanisms exerts its oncogenic functions in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    5. RalA and PLD1 promote lipid droplet growth in response to nutrient withdrawal.
      Title: RalA and PLD1 promote lipid droplet growth in response to nutrient withdrawal.
    6. The small G-protein RalA promotes progression and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.
      Title: The small G-protein RalA promotes progression and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.
    7. RAL GTPases mediate EGFR-driven intestinal stem cell proliferation and tumourigenesis.
      Title: RAL GTPases mediate EGFR-driven intestinal stem cell proliferation and tumourigenesis.
    8. Ral GTPase-activating protein regulates the malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
      Title: Ral GTPase-activating protein regulates the malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
    9. RAL GTPases mediate multiple myeloma cell survival and are activated independently of oncogenic RAS.
      Title: RAL GTPases mediate multiple myeloma cell survival and are activated independently of oncogenic RAS.
    10. RalA and RalB both relocalize to mitochondria following depolarization in a process dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of RalA and RalB leads to an increase in the activity of the atypical IkappaB kinase TBK1 both basally and in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
      Title: RalA and RalB relocalization to depolarized mitochondria depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis and facilitates TBK1 activation.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (69)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Hiatt-Neu-Cooper neurodevelopmental syndrome
    MedGen: C5543338 OMIM: 619311 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Vpr vpr A stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics identifies upregulation of v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (RALA) expression by HIV-1 Vpr in Vpr transduced macrophages PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC48949

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATPase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables G protein activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables GDP binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables GDP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables GTP binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables GTP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables GTPase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables GTPase activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables myosin binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in Ras protein signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in Ras protein signal transduction IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in chemotaxis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in exocytosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in membrane raft localization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neural tube closure IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of filopodium assembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of mitochondrial fission IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in receptor internalization IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of exocytosis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of exocytosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in Flemming body IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cell surface IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cleavage furrow IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    colocalizes_with endocytic vesicle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
    located_in focal adhesion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in synaptic membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    ras-related protein Ral-A
    Names
    RALA Ras like proto-oncogene A
    RAS-like protein A
    Ras family small GTP binding protein RALA
    ras related GTP binding protein A
    v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related)
    NP_005393.2
    XP_047276637.1
    XP_047276638.1
    XP_054214726.1
    XP_054214727.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_005402.4 → NP_005393.2  ras-related protein Ral-A precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005393.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC039858, DC313757
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS5460.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4D1W3, P11233
      Related
      ENSP00000005257.2, ENST00000005257.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04139
      Location:15 → 177
      RalA_RalB; Ral (Ras-like) family containing highly homologous RalA and RalB

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      39623572..39708120
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047420682.1 → XP_047276638.1  ras-related protein Ral-A isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4D1W3, P11233

    2. XM_047420681.1 → XP_047276637.1  ras-related protein Ral-A isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4D1W3, P11233

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      39781130..39865684
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054358752.1 → XP_054214727.1  ras-related protein Ral-A isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4D1W3, P11233

    2. XM_054358751.1 → XP_054214726.1  ras-related protein Ral-A isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4D1W3, P11233
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P11233.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P11233

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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