LGALS9 galectin 9 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: LGALS9provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: galectin 9provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:6570
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000168961 MIM:601879; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6570
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: HUAT; LGALS9A
Summary: The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Broad expression in spleen (RPKM 33.5), stomach (RPKM 28.4) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 17q11.2

Exon count:: 12

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	17	NC_000017.11 (27631188..27649560)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	17	NC_060941.1 (28572662..28591030)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	17	NC_000017.10 (25958214..25976586)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the significance of CD8[+] tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes exhaustion mediated by TIM3/Galectin-9 pathway.
Title: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the significance of CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes exhaustion mediated by TIM3/Galectin-9 pathway.
CXC chemokine ligand 13 and galectin-9 plasma levels collaboratively provide prediction of disease activity and progression-free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Title: CXC chemokine ligand 13 and galectin-9 plasma levels collaboratively provide prediction of disease activity and progression-free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
TIM-3/Galectin-9 interaction and glutamine metabolism in AML cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1.
Title: TIM-3/Galectin-9 interaction and glutamine metabolism in AML cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1.
Knockdown of Galectin-9 alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through suppressing TNF-alpha-induced activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
Title: Knockdown of Galectin-9 alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through suppressing TNF-α-induced activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
[Significance of Tim-3 and Its Ligand Galectin-9 in Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma].
Title: [Significance of Tim-3 and Its Ligand Galectin-9 in Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma].
Activated Tim-3/Galectin-9 participated in the development of multiple myeloma by negatively regulating CD4 T cells.
Title: Activated Tim-3/Galectin-9 participated in the development of multiple myeloma by negatively regulating CD4 T cells.
Human galectin-9 potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in airway epithelial cells.
Title: Human galectin-9 potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in airway epithelial cells.
TIM-3/Gal-9 interaction affects glucose and lipid metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines.
Title: TIM-3/Gal-9 interaction affects glucose and lipid metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between miRNA-22-3p and Gal-9 Levels in Glioblastoma.
Title: Evaluation of the Relationship Between miRNA-22-3p and Gal-9 Levels in Glioblastoma.
Expression of Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway and CD8+T cells and related factors in patients with cystic echinococcosis.
Title: Expression of Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway and CD8+T cells and related factors in patients with cystic echinococcosis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (227)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables carbohydrate binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables carbohydrate binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables disaccharide binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables galactose binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables galactoside binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to type II interferon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to virus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in female pregnancy	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in maternal process involved in female pregnancy	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in natural killer cell tolerance induction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of chemokine production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of mast cell degranulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of type II interferon production	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of type II interferon production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in p38MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-13 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-4 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-4 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of type II interferon production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of viral entry into host cell	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in regulation of interleukin-4 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in regulation of interleukin-5 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in regulation of p38MAPK cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to interleukin-1	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galectin-9

Names: ecalectin; gal-9; lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001330163.2 → NP_001317092.1 galectin-9 isoform 3

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

BC110340, BX400388, DA999005

Consensus CDS

CCDS82093.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

J3QR96

Related

ENSP00000318214.6, ENST00000313648.10

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00070
Location:16 → 146

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...

pfam12380
Location:149 → 182

Peptidase_C62; Gill-associated viral 3C-like peptidase
NM_002308.4 → NP_002299.2 galectin-9 isoform short

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002299.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) is lacking an internal, in-frame coding exon compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter isoform (short) missing a 32 aa protein segment compared to isoform long.

Source sequence(s)

AC015688, BC110340

Consensus CDS

CCDS32592.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B3KWW5

Related

ENSP00000306228.5, ENST00000302228.9

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00908
Location:201 → 322

Gal-bind_lectin; Galactoside-binding lectin

cd00070
Location:16 → 146

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...
NM_009587.3 → NP_033665.1 galectin-9 isoform long

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_033665.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (long).

Source sequence(s)

AB006782, BC110340

Consensus CDS

CCDS11222.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A7VJG6, F8W9W4, O00182, O14532, O75028, Q3B8N1, Q53FQ0, Q8WYQ7, Q9NQ58

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B3KWW5

Related

ENSP00000378856.2, ENST00000395473.7

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00908
Location:233 → 354

Gal-bind_lectin; Galactoside-binding lectin

cd00070
Location:16 → 146

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...

pfam12380
Location:154 → 214

Peptidase_C62; Gill-associated viral 3C-like peptidase

RNA

NR_024043.2 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate acceptor splice site at one of the coding exons, and is also lacking an internal coding exon compared to variant 1. This results in a frame-shift and premature translation termination rendering this transcript susceptible to NMD. This variant has transcript support, but is not expected to encode a viable protein product.

Source sequence(s)

AC015688, BC110340

Related

ENST00000467111.5

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

27631188..27649560

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006721893.4 → XP_006721956.1 galectin-9 isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

J3QR96

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00070
Location:16 → 146

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...

pfam12380
Location:154 → 214

Peptidase_C62; Gill-associated viral 3C-like peptidase
XM_006721892.4 → XP_006721955.1 galectin-9 isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006721955.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B3KWW5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00908
Location:189 → 310

Gal-bind_lectin; Galactoside-binding lectin

cd00070
Location:16 → 146

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...
XM_006721895.5 → XP_006721958.1 galectin-9 isoform X3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

J3KT17

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00070
Location:16 → 146

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...
XM_011524796.3 → XP_011523098.1 galectin-9 isoform X4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00070
Location:16 → 146

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...